{"id":653,"date":"2021-01-07T11:06:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-07T11:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/ficha-2\/"},"modified":"2022-02-01T15:39:08","modified_gmt":"2022-02-01T15:39:08","slug":"funeral-procession-of-alexander-the-great","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/funeral-procession-of-alexander-the-great\/","title":{"rendered":"Funeral procession of Alexander the Great"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Funeral procession of Alexander the Great<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
TITLE:<\/strong> <\/td><\/tr>
Funeral procession of Alexander the Great<\/td><\/tr>
DATE:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
321 BC<\/td><\/tr>
TEXT:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
BEKKER, I.; DINDORF, L; VOGEL, F.; FISCHER, K. T. (1905): Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books XVIII-XX. <\/em>18.26-28<\/a>

MEUSEL, H.(1871): Pseudo-Callisthenes. Nach der Leidener Handschrift Herausgegeben<\/em>, Hist.Alex. <\/em>3.34<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
EDITIONS<\/strong>\/TRANSLATIONS:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
BEKKER, I.; DINDORF, L; VOGEL, F.; FISCHER, K. T. (1905): Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books XVIII-XX. <\/em>18.26-28<\/a>

GARC\u00cdA GUAL, C. (1977): Pseudo-Cal\u00edstenes. Vida y Haza\u00f1as de Alejandro de Macedonia<\/em>, Biblioteca Cl\u00e1sica Gredos, Madrid

HAIGHT, E. H. (1955): The Life of Alexander of Macedon by Pseudo-Callisthenes<\/em>, New York
<\/td><\/tr>
KEYWORDS:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Word used to mean procession<\/strong>:<\/td><\/tr>
\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 (a journey, Ps.-Callisth.)
 
\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 (escort \/ to bring into a place of refuge, Diod.<\/td><\/tr>
Word used to mean the cult images:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Sarcophagus \/ coffin (\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03be, Ps.-Callisth) 

Covered carriage (\u1f01\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03be\u03b1, Diod., esp. used by Persians, e.g. [\u201c\u039e\u03ad\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2] \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f05\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c2 \u1f01\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u201d Hdt.7.4)<\/td><\/tr>
Gods or other entities named:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Ps.-Callisth.: Alexander the Great, Mithra, Ptolemy I, Zeus, High Priest of the temple of Memphis

Diod.: Arrideus, Victory (\u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03b7); Ptolemy I<\/td><\/tr>
Description of the cult images:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Alexander\u2019s lead coffin (\u1f10\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u1fc3 \u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9, Ps.-Callisth.) was carried in a wagon (\u1f01\u03bc\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, Ps.-Callisth.) \/ covered carriage (\u1f01\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03be\u03b1, l. 26.1; \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u2014with an arched cover\u2014, 26.5, Diod.), which is the main subject of Diodorus\u2019 passage: \u1f04\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 (\u2026) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd (\u2026) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1fc6\u03c1\u03be\u03b5

Golden sarcophagus (\u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd) with aromatic herbs (\u1f00\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd); armour (\u1f45\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1); precious stones (\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2); reliefs; garlands; bells (\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2)
 
Four golden Victories carrying trophies in the four corners of the covered carriage (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u1fbd \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2 \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u1fc6 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2) lift over four Ionic columns (\u1f38\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1) surrounded by golden acanthus

Four panel paintings (\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2): (1) war chariot (\u1f05\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1) lead by Alexander with a scepter and escorted by his Persian and Macedonian personal guards; (2) war elephants; (3) cavalry troops; (4) navy. At the entrance of the chamber there were two golden lions (\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u1fd6), and on top a purple tapestry (\u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1f76\u03c2) with a golden olive wreath (\u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2); the carriage had four gilded wheels and it was pulled by 64 mules with a golden wreath and collars adorned with gemstones. 
See Image<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Procession\u2019s route:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Babilonia to Memphis and\/or Alexandria<\/td><\/tr>
Frequency with which the procession takes place:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Once, funeral procession of Alexander the Great from Babilonia to Memphis and Alexandria<\/td><\/tr>
Performers:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Ptolemy I (Ps.-Callisth.); Arrideus (Diod.), in charge of building the carriage and escorting it to Egypt<\/td><\/tr>
References to the public attending the procession:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
The inhabitants of Memphis went out to receive Alexander\u2019s corpse and brought it into the city (\u03bf\u1f31 \u039c\u03b5\u03bd\u03c6\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ae\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u1f10\u03bd \u039c\u03ad\u03bd\u03c6\u1fc3, Ps.Callisth.) 

The passing of the carriage through the cities attracted many people (\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1\u03bd: \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u1fbd \u1f03\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u03b5\u1f76 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2)

It was escorted by road-makers, craftsmen and soldiers (\u03c0\u03bb\u1fc6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd, \u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd)<\/td><\/tr>
Rites related to the procession:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Reading of an oracle of Zeus (\u1f41 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0394\u03b9\u1f41\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03bc\u1f41\u03c2, Ps.-Callisth.)

To bury (\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd, Ps.Callisth.)
 
Diod.: Ptolemy I before Alexander\u2019s corpse (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u1f7c\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u1ff6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f20\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd); sacrifices (\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f21\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2) and games (\u1f00\u03b3\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9) in the burial place of Alexandria built by Ptolemy I
<\/td><\/tr>
Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Alexander\u2019s corpse was carried embalmed with myrrh<\/em> (\u1f10\u03c3\u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, Ps.Callisth.)<\/td><\/tr>
Other remarkable elements<\/strong>:<\/td><\/tr>
The Persians wanted to proclaim publicly<\/em> (\u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9, Ps.-Callisth.) Alexander as Mithra
<\/td><\/tr>
BIBLIOGRAPHY:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
B\u00d6MMER (1952), RE, s.v. Pompa. Herrscher<\/em>, Vol. XXI.2, p. 1971, n.333

COLLINS, A. W. (2012). \u201cThe royal costume and insignia of Alexander the Great\u201d. The American Journal of Philology<\/em> 133(3), pp. 371\u2013402<\/a>
 
DOHERTY, P. (2004): Alexander the Great: The death of a god<\/em>, Headline, London

CHUGG, A. M. (2020): The quest for the tomb of Alexander the Great<\/em>, AMC Publications, London

ERSKINE, A. (2006): Life after death: Alexandria and the body of Alexander<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

HOLTON, J. (2018): “The Reception of Alexander in the Ptolemaic Dynasty”. In: Brill\u2019s Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great<\/em>. Brill, Leiden<\/a>
 
KHOLOD, M. M. (2016): \u201cThe cults of Alexander the Great in the Greek cities of Asia Minor\u201d, Klio <\/em>98.2, pp. 495-525

KOTTARIDOU, A. (1999): \u201cMacedonian burial customs and the funeral of Alexander the Great\u201d. In: International Congress, Alexander the Great: From Macedonia to the Oikoumene<\/em>, Veria, pp. 27-31

LANDUCCI, F. (2020): “Burial-funeral carriage-Lysimachos, Herakles, (alleged) son of Alexander III – Kassandros”. In: Lexicon of Argead Macedonia<\/em>, Frank & Timme, Berlino, pp. 1-8

MELVILLE JONES, J. (1998). \u201cAlexander’s funeral carriage\u201d. In: T. W. Hillard, R. A. Kearsley, C. E. V. Nixon, & A. M. Nobbs (Eds.), The Ancient Near East, Greece and rome<\/em>, Macquarie University, N.S.W. ed., Vol. 1, pp. 156-159

REAMES-ZIMMERMAN, J. (2001): \u201cThe mourning of Alexander the Great\u201d, Syllecta Classica <\/em>12, pp. 98-145

RICE, E. E. (1997): Alexander the Great<\/em>, The History Press, Stroud<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Funeral procession of Alexander the Great TITLE: Funeral procession of Alexander the Great DATE: 321 BC TEXT: BEKKER, I.; DINDORF, L; VOGEL, F.; FISCHER, K. T. (1905): Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books XVIII-XX. 18.26-28 MEUSEL, H.(1871): Pseudo-Callisthenes. Nach der Leidener Handschrift Herausgegeben, Hist.Alex. 3.34 EDITIONS\/TRANSLATIONS: BEKKER, I.; DINDORF, L; VOGEL, F.; FISCHER, K. T. (1905): […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,10,6,5,7,8],"tags":[26,29,31,35,30,33,34,32],"class_list":["post-653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-aside","hentry","category-emperors-and-kings-epithets","category-performers","category-place","category-ruler","category-terms-for-procession","category-terms-for-statue-of-the-ruler","tag-alexander-the-great","tag-priests","tag-ptolemy-i","tag-35","tag-30","tag-33","tag-34","tag-32","post_format-post-format-aside"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=653"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1034,"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions\/1034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upo.es\/investiga\/processionsandempire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}