Philopoemen’s pompe

TITLE:
Philopoemen’s pompe
DATE:
182 BC
TEXT:
BERNADOTTE, P. (1921): Plutarch’s Lives, Volume X, Harvard University Press, Cambridge: Plut. Philop. 21.3
IG 5.2.432.29ss. = Syll2 624
EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS:
BERNADOTTE, P. (1921): Plutarch’s Lives, Volume X, Harvard University Press, Cambridge: Plut. Philop. 21.3

GUZMÁN HERMIDA, J. M. and MARTÍNEZ GARCÍA, Ó. (2007): Plutarco. Vidas Paralelas IV. Arístides-Catón; Filopemén-Flaminino; Pirro-Mario,Gredos, Madrid
KEYWORDS:
Word used to mean procession:
(ἐπινίκιόν)πομπήν (Plut. Philop. 21.2-3) 

συμπροῆγον (Plut. Philop. 21.4, vb. συμπροάγω, lead forward together)
 
συνανεμείχθησαν (vb. συναναμίγνυμι,  mix up together [in a procession], Plut. Philop. 21.4)
Word used to mean the cult images:
εἰκόνων (Plut. Philop. 21.5)
 
Gods or other entities named:
Zeus Saviour (IG 5.2.432, l. 10, [Δι]ὸς Σωτῆρος); cf. l. 39, οῖς δὲ Σωτηρίοις; l. 41, τὸν Δία τὸν Σωτῆρ[α) 
Hestia (IG 5.2.432, l. 45 Ἑστία)
Description of the cult images:
Procession’s route:
From Mesene to Megalopolis
Frequency with which the procession takes place:
Performers:
Philopoemen’s funeral urn was carried by his son Polybius (Plut. Philop. 21.3), who was followed by the chief men of the Achaeans, and after them followed the soldiers in full armour and with the horses decorated (Plut. Philop. 21.3, οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ὠπλισμένοι μὲν αὐτοί, τοῖς δ᾽ ἵπποις κεκοσμημένοις ἐπηκολούθουν)
References to the public attending the procession:
They were wreathed with garlands (Plut. Philop. 21.3, ἦν μὲν γὰρ ἐστεφανωμένους ἰδεῖν) 

The people from the cities and villages on the way came to meet the procession (Plut. Philop. 21.4, ἐκ δὲ τῶν διὰ μέσου πόλεων καὶ κωμῶν ἀπαντῶντες)
Rites related to the procession:
Games/contests (IG 5.2.432, l. 10, ἐν τῶ[ι ἀγῶνι τῶν Σωτηρίων) 

Firstly, Philopoemen’s body was burned and his ashes collected in an urn (Plut. Philop. 21.2, τὸ δὲ σῶμα καύσαντες αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ λείψανα συνθέντες εἰς ὑδρίαν ἀνεζεύγνυσαν) 

A lamentation (ὀλοφυρμός) was sung (Plut. Philop. 21.4)
Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence:
The people went to the procession not in loose or promiscuous order (Plut. Philop. 21.2, οὐκ ἀτάκτως οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχεν), and they were all crying (Plut. Philop. 21.3, ἦν δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς καὶ δακρύοντας)

The funeral urn or hydria was almost hidden from sight by a multitude of fillets and wreaths (Plut. Philop. 21.3, αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν ὑδρίαν ὑπὸ πλήθους ταινιῶν τε καὶ στεφάνων) 

The people who came to the procession laid their hands upon his urn, and accompanied him to Megalopolis (Plut. Philop. 21.4, τῆς ὑδρίας ἐφήπτοντο, καὶ συμπροῆγον εἰς Μεγάλην πόλιν)
Other remarkable elements:
It is a blending of triumphal procession and funeral rites (Plut. Philop. 21.2, ἐπινίκιόν πομπήν τινα ἅμα ταῖς ταφαῖς μίξαντες) 

Their enemies were led along in the procession with them in chains (Plut. Philop. 21.3) 
In Megalopolis joined the procession the old men and by the women and children (Plut. Philop. 21.4, οἱ πρεσβύτεροι μετὰ γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων)
 
At Philopoemen’s tomb the captive Messenians were stoned to death (Plut. Philop. 21.5, καὶ περὶ τὸ μνημεῖον οἱ τῶν Μεσσηνίων αἰχμάλωτοι κατελεύσθησαν)

Many statues of him were erected and many honours decreed him by the cities (Plut. Philop. 21.5, οὐσῶν δὲ πολλῶν μὲν εἰκόνων αὐτοῦ, μεγάλων δὲ τιμῶν, ἃς αἱ πόλεις ἐψηφίσαντο)
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BÖMMER (1952), RE: s.v. Pompa. Herrscher, Vol. XXI.2, p. 1972, n.336

CARRILLO-RODRÍGUEZ, M. (2019): “Burying the Greek heroes: heroic funerals in the Greek Lives of
Plutarch”, Ploutarchos, 16, pp. 15-32

ERRINGTON, R. M. (1969): Philopoemen, Clarendon publ., Oxford

GONZÁLEZ, M. G. (2019): “Who should be sacrificed? Human sacrifice and status in Plutarch: Themistocles 13, Pelopidas 21–22, Philopoemen 21”, Arethusa 52.2, pp. 165-179

KATÓ, P. (2006): “The funeral of Philopoimen in the historiographical tradition”. In: Stavrianopoulou, E. (ed.), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World. Presses universitaires de Liège, pp. 11-45

SEAFORD, R. (2016): s.v. processions. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics