| TITLE Ptolemy Philadephus’ pompe (cult of Ptolemy I and Berenike) |
| DATE Terminus post quem 282 – terminus ante quem 270 BCE (“in the middle of the winter” Athen. Deipn. 197D: probably between 279 and 276, 279/278 or in December 275-February 274 BCE). |
| TEXT Gulick 1928, 386-420 (Athen. Deipn 196A-203C). [196] [a] θαυμασάντων δὲ τῶν δαιτυμόνων τήν τε τοῦ βασιλέως διάνοιαν ὡς οὐκ ἐπιφανής, ἀλλ᾽ ὄντως ἐπιμανὴς ὑπῆρχε … προσέθηκεν ὁ Μασούριος περὶ τῆς ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ γεγενημένης ὑπὸ τοῦ πάντα ἀρίστου Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Φιλαδέλφου βασιλέως πομπῆς Καλλίξεινον τὸν Ῥόδιον ἱστοροῦντα ἐν τῷ τετάρτῳ περὶ Ἀλεξανδρείας, ὅς φησι· “πρὸ δὲ τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὴν κατασκευασθεῖσαν σκηνὴν ἐν τῷ τῆς ἄκρας περιβόλῳ χωρὶς τῆς τῶν στρατιωτῶν καὶ τεχνιτῶν καὶ παρεπιδήμων ὑποδοχῆς ἐξηγήσομαι· καλὴ γὰρ εἰς ὑπερβολὴν ἀξία τε [b] ἀκοῆς ἐγενήθη. τὸ μὲν οὖν μέγεθος αὐτῆς ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα κλίνας ἐπιδεχόμενον κύκλῳ, διασκευὴν δ᾽ εἶχε τοιαύτην. κίονες διεστάθησαν ξύλινοι πέντε μὲν κατὰ πλευρὰν ἑκάστην τοῦ μήκους πεντηκονταπήχεις πρὸς ὕψος, ἑνὶ δὲ ἐλάττους κατὰ πλάτος· ἐφ᾽ ὧν ἐπιστύλιον καθηρμόσθη τετράγωνον, ὑπερεῖδον τὴν σύμπασαν τοῦ συμποσίου στέγην. αὕτη δ᾽ ἐνεπετάσθη κατὰ μέσον οὐρανίσκῳ κοκκινοβαφεῖ περιλεύκῳ, καθ᾽ ἑκάτερον δὲ μέρος εἶχε δοκοὺς μεσολεύκοις ἐμπετάσμασι πυργωτοῖς κατειλημένας, [c] ἐν αἷς φατνώματα γραπτὰ κατὰ μέσον ἐτέτακτο. τῶν δὲ κιόνων οἱ μὲν τέσσαρες ὡμοίωντο φοίνιξιν, οἱ δ᾽ ἀνὰ μέσον θύρσων εἶχον φαντασίαν. τούτων δ᾽ ἐκτὸς περίστυλος ἐπεποίητο σῦριγξ ταῖς τρισὶ πλευραῖς καμαρωτὴν ἔχουσα στέγην, ἐν ᾗ τὴν τῶν κατακειμένων ἀκολουθίαν ἑστάναι συνέβαινεν. ἧς τὸ μὲν ἐντὸς αὐλαίαις περιείχετο φοινικίναις, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἀνὰ μέσον [d] χωρῶν δοραὶ θηρίων παράδοξοι καὶ τῇ ποικιλίᾳ καὶ τοῖς μεγέθεσιν ἐκρέμαντο. τὸ δὲ περιέχον αὐτὴν ὕπαιθρον μυρρίναις καὶ δάφναις ἄλλοις τε ἐπιτηδείοις ἔρνεσιν ἐγεγόνει συνηρεφές. τὸ δ’ ἔδαφος πᾶν ἄνθεσι κατεπέπαστο παντοίοις. ἡ γὰρ Αἴγυπτος καὶ διὰ τὴν τοῦ περιέχοντος ἀέρος εὐκρασίαν καὶ διὰ τοὺς κηπεύοντας τὰ σπανίως καὶ καθ᾽ ὥραν ἐνεστηκυῖαν ἐν ἑτέροις φυόμενα τόποις ἄφθονα γεννᾷ καὶ διὰ παντός, καὶ οὔτε ῥόδον οὔτε λευκόιον οὔτ’ ἄλλο ῥᾳδίως ἄνθος ἐκλιπεῖν οὐθὲν οὐδέποτ᾽ εἴωθεν. διὸ δὴ καὶ κατὰ μέσον χειμῶνα τῆς ὑποδοχῆς τότε γενηθείσης [e] παράδοξος ἡ φαντασία τοῖς ξένοις κατέστη. τὰ γὰρ εἰς μίαν εὑρεθῆναι στεφάνωσιν οὐκ ἂν δυνηθέντα ἐν ἄλλῃ πόλει ῥᾳδίως, ταῦτα καὶ τῷ πλήθει τῶν κατακειμένων ἐχορηγεῖτο εἰς τοὺς στεφάνους ἀφθόνως καὶ εἰς τὸ τῆς σκηνῆς ἔδαφος κατεπέπαστο χύδην, θείου τινὸς ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀποτελοῦντα λειμῶνος πρόσοψιν. διέκειτο δὲ ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν τῆς σκηνῆς παραστάδων ζῷα μαρμάρινα τῶν πρώτων τεχνιτῶν ἑκατόν. ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἀνὰ μέσον χώραις πίνακες τῶν Σικυωνικῶν ζωγράφων, ἐναλλὰξ δ᾽ ἐπίλεκτοι εἰκασίαι παντοῖαι καὶ χιτῶνες χρυσουφεῖς [f] ἐφαπτίδες τε κάλλισται, τινὲς μὲν εἰκόνας ἔχουσαι τῶν βασιλέων ἐνυφασμένας, αἱ δὲ μυθικὰς διαθέσεις. ὑπεράνω δὲ τούτων θυρεοὶ περιέκειντο ἐναλλάξ ἀργυροῖ τε καὶ χρυσοῖ. ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἐπάνω τούτων χώραις οὔσαις ὀκταπήχεσιν ἄντρα κατεσκεύαστο κατὰ μὲν τὸ μῆκος τῆς σκηνῆς ἓξ ἐν ἑκατέρᾳ πλευρᾷ, κατὰ πλάτος δέ τέτταρα· συμπόσιά τε ἀντία ἀλλήλων ἐν αὐτοῖς τραγικῶν τε καὶ [197] [a] κωμικῶν καὶ σατυρικῶν ζῴων ἀληθινὸν ἐχόντων ἱματισμόν, οἷς παρέκειτο καὶ ποτήρια χρυσᾶ. κατὰ μέσον δὲ τῶν ἄντρων νύμφαι ἐλείφθησαν, ἐν αἷς ἔκειντο Δελφικοὶ χρυσοῖ τρίποδες ὑποστήματ᾽ ἔχοντες. κατὰ δὲ τὸν ὑψηλότατον τόπον τῆς ὀροφῆς ἀετοὶ κατὰ πρόσωπον ἦσαν ἀλλήλων χρυσοῖ, πεντεκαιδεκαπήχεις τὸ μέγεθος. ἔκειντο δὲ κλῖναι χρυσαῖ σφιγγόποδες ἐν ταῖς δυσὶ πλευραῖς ἑκατόν· ἡ γὰρ κατὰ πρόσωπον ἁψὶς ἀφεῖτ᾽ ἀναπεπταμένη. [b] ταύταις δ᾽ ἀμφίταποι ἁλουργεῖς ὑπέστρωντο τῆς πρώτης ἐρέας, καὶ περιστρώματα ποικίλα διαπρεπῆ ταῖς τέχναις ἐπῆν. ψιλαὶ δὲ Περσικαὶ τὴν ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ποδῶν χώραν ἐκάλυπτον, ἀκριβῆ τὴν εὐγραμμίαν τῶν ἐνυφασμένων ἔχουσαι ζῳδίων. παρετέθησαν δὲ καὶ τρίποδες τοῖς κατακειμένοις χρυσοῖ διακόσιοι τὸν ἀριθμόν, ὥστ᾽ εἶναι δύο κατὰ κλίνην, ἐπ᾽ ἀργυρῶν διέδρων. ἐκ δὲ τῶν ὄπισθεν πρὸς τὴν ἀπόνιψιν ἑκατὸν ἀργυραῖ λεκάναι καὶ [c] καταχύσεις ἴσαι παρέκειντο. ἐπεπήγει δὲ τοῦ συμποσίου καταντικρὺ καὶ ἑτέρα κλίνη πρὸς τὴν τῶν κυλίκων καὶ ποτηρίων τῶν τε λοιπῶν τῶν πρὸς τὴν χρῆσιν ἀνηκόντων κατασκευασμάτων ἔκθεσιν· ἃ δὴ πάντα χρυσᾶ τε ἦν καὶ διάλιθα, θαυμαστὰ ταῖς τέχναις. τούτων δὲ τὴν μὲν κατὰ μέρος κατασκευὴν καὶ τὰ γένη μακρὸν ἐπεφαίνετό μοι δηλοῦν· τὸ δὲ τοῦ σταθμοῦ πλῆθος εἰς μύρια τάλαντα ἀργυρίου τὴν σύμπασαν εἶχε κατασκευήν. Ήμεῖς δὲ ἐπειδὴ τὰ κατὰ τὴν σκηνὴν διεληλύθαμεν, ποιησόμεθα καὶ τὴν τῆς πομπῆς ἐξήγησιν. ἤγετο γὰρ διὰ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν σταδίου. [d] πρώτη δ᾽ ἐβάδιζεν ἡ Ἑωσφόρου· καὶ γὰρ ἀρχὴν εἶχεν ἡ πομπὴ καθ᾽ ὃν ὁ προειρημένος ἀστήρ φαίνεται χρόνον. ἔπειθ᾽ ἡ τοῖς τῶν βασιλέων γονεῦσι κατωνομασμένη. μετὰ δὲ ταύτας αἱ τῶν θεῶν ἁπάντων, οἰκείαν ἔχουσαι τῆς περὶ ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἱστορίας διασκευήν. τὴν δὲ τελευταίαν Ἑσπέρου συνέβαινεν εἶναι, τῆς ὥρας εἰς τοῦτο συναγούσης τὸν καιρόν. τὰ δὲ κατά μέρος αὐτῶν εἴ τις εἰδέναι βούλεται, τὰς τῶν πεντ- [e] ετηρίδων γραφὰς λαμβάνων ἐπισκοπείτω. τῆς δὲ Διονυσιακῆς πομπῆς πρῶτοι μὲν προῄεσαν οἱ τὸν ὄχλον ἀνείργοντες Σιληνοί, πορφυρᾶς χλαμύδας, οἱ δὲ φοινικίδας ἠμφιεσμένοι. τούτοις δ᾽ ἐπηκολούθουν Σάτυροι καθ᾽ ἕκαστον τοῦ σταδίου μέρος εἴκοσι, λαμπάδας φέροντες κισσίνας διαχρύσους. μεθ᾽ οὓς Νῖκαι χρυσᾶς ἔχουσαι πτέρυγα. ἔφερον δ᾽ αὗται θυμιατήρια ἑξαπήχη κισσίνοις διαχρύσοις κλωσὶ διακεκοσμημένα, ζῳωτοὺς ἐνδεδυκυῖαι χιτῶνας, αὐταὶ δὲ πολὺν κόσμον χρυσοῦν περι- [f] κείμεναι. μετὰ δὲ ταύτας εἵπετο βωμὸς ἑξάπηχυς διπλοῦς κισσίνῃ φυλλάδι διαχρύσῳ πεπυκασμένος, ἔχων ἀμπέλινον χρυσοῦν στέφανον μεσολεύκοις μίτραις διειλημμένον. ἐπηκολούθουν δ᾽ αὐτῷ παῖδες ἐν χιτῶσι πορφυροῖς, λιβανωτὸν καὶ σμύρναν, ἔτι δὲ κρόκον ἐπὶ χρυσῶν μαζονόμων φέροντες ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι. μεθ᾽ οὓς Σάτυροι τεσσαράκοντα ἐστεφανωμένοι κισσίνοις χρυσοῖς στεφάνοις· τὰ δὲ σώματα οἱ μὲν ἐκέχριντο ὀστρείῳ, [198] [a] τινὲς δὲ μίλτῳ καὶ χρώμασιν ἑτέροις. ἔφερον δὲ καὶ οὗτοι στέφανον χρυσοῦν ἐξ ἀμπέλου καὶ κισσοῦ εἰργασμένον. μεθ᾽ οὓς Σιληνοὶ δύο ἐν πορφυραῖς χλαμύσι καὶ κρηπῖσι λευκαῖς. εἶχε δ᾽ αὐτῶν ὁ μὲν πέτασον καὶ κηρύκειον χρυσοῦν, ὁ δὲ σάλπιγγα. μέσος δὲ τούτων ἐβάδιζεν ἀνὴρ μείζων ἢ τετράπηχυς ἐν τραγικῇ διαθέσει καὶ προσώπῳ, φέρων χρυσοῦν Ἀμαλθείας κέρας· ὃς προσηγορεύετο Ἐνιαυτός. ᾧ γυνὴ περικαλλεστάτη καὶ ἴση κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος εἵπετο πολλῷ [b] χρυσῷ καὶ διαπρεπεῖ χιτῶνι κεκοσμημένη, φέρουσα τῇ μὲν μιᾷ τῶν χειρῶν στέφανον περσέας, τῇ δ᾽ ἑτέρᾳ ῥάβδον φοίνικος· ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ αὕτη Πεντετηρίς. ταύτῃ δ᾽ ἐπηκολούθουν Ὧραι αἱ τέσσαρες διεσκευασμέναι καὶ ἑκάστη φέρουσα τοὺς ἰδίους καρπούς· ἐχόμενα τούτων θυμιατήρια δύο κίσσινα ἐκ χρυσοῦ ἑξαπήχη καὶ βωμὸς ἀνὰ μέσον τούτων τετράγωνος χρυσοῦ. καὶ πάλιν Σάτυροι στεφάνους ἔχοντες κισσίνους χρυσοῦς, φοινικίδας περιβεβλημένοι· ἔφερον δ᾽ οἱ μὲν οἰνοχόην χρυσῆν, οἱ δὲ καρχήσιον. μεθ᾽ οὓς ἐπορεύετο Φιλίσκος ὁ ποιητὴς ἱερεὺς ὢν [c] Διονύσου καὶ πάντες οἱ περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον τεχνῖται. τούτων δ᾽ ἐφεξῆς ἐφέροντο Δελφικοὶ τρίποδες, ἆθλα τοῖς τῶν ἀθλητῶν χορηγοῖς, ὁ μὲν παιδικὸς ἐννέα πηχῶν τὸ ὕψος, ὁ δὲ πηχῶν δώδεκα ὁ τῶν ἀνδρῶν. μετὰ τούτους τετράκυκλος πηχῶν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα, ὀκτὼ δὲ τὸ πλάτος, ἤγετο ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτης ἐπῆν ἄγαλμα Διονύσου δεκάπηχυ σπένδον ἐκ καρχησίου χρυσοῦ, χιτῶνα πορφυροῦν ἔχον διάπεζον καὶ ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῦ κροκωτὸν διαφανῆ· περιεβέβλητο δὲ ἱμάτιον πορφυροῦν χρυσοποίκιλον. [d] προέκειτο δὲ αὐτοῦ κρατὴρ Λακωνικὸς χρυσοῦς μετρητῶν δεκαπέντε καὶ τρίπους χρυσοῦς, ἐφ᾽ οὗ θυμιατήριον χρυσοῦν καὶ φιάλαι δύο χρυσαῖ, κασίας μεσταὶ καὶ κρόκου. περιέκειτο δ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ σκιὰς ἐκ κισσοῦ καὶ ἀμπέλου καὶ τῆς λοιπῆς ὀπώρας κεκοσμημένη, προσήρτηντο δὲ καὶ στέφανοι καὶ ταινίαι καὶ θύρσοι καὶ τύμπανα καὶ μίτραι πρόσωπά τε σατυρικὰ καὶ κωμικὰ καὶ [e] τραγικά. τῇ δὲ τετρακύκλῳ … ἱερεῖς καὶ ἱέρειαι καὶ ἱεροστολισταὶ καὶ θίασοι παντοδαποὶ καὶ τὰ λῖκνα φέρουσαι. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Μακέται αἱ καλούμεναι Μιμαλλόνες καὶ Βασσάραι καὶ Λυδαί, κατακεχυμέναι τὰς τρίχας καὶ ἐστεφανωμέναι τινὲς μὲν ὄφεσιν, αἱ δὲ μίλακι καὶ ἀμπέλῳ καὶ κισσῷ· κατεῖχον δὲ ταῖς χερσὶν αἱ μὲν ἐγχειρίδια, αἱ δὲ ὄφεις. μετὰ δὲ ταύτας ἤγετο [f] τετράκυκλος πηχῶν ὀκτὼ πλάτος ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξήκοντα, ἐφ᾽ ἧς ἄγαλμα Νύσης ὀκτάπηχυ καθήμενον, ἐνδεδυκὸς μὲν θάψινον χιτῶνα χρυσοποίκιλον, ἱμάτιον δὲ ἠμφίεστο Λακωνικόν. ἀνίστατο δὲ τοῦτο μηχανικῶς οὐδενὸς τὰς χεῖρας προσάγοντος καὶ σπεῖσαν ἐκ χρυσῆς φιάλης γάλα πάλιν ἐκάθητο. εἶχε δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ θύρσον ἐστεμμένον μίτραις. αὕτη δ᾽ ἐστεφάνωτο κισσίνῳ χρυσῷ καὶ βότρυσι διαλίθοις πολυτελέσιν. εἶχε δὲ σκιάδα καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γωνιῶν τῆς τετρακύκλου κατεπεπήγεσαν [199] [a] λαμπάδες διάχρυσοι τέτταρες. ἑξῆς εἵλκετο ἄλλη τετράκυκλος μῆκος πηχῶν εἴκοσι, πλάτος ἑκκαίδεκα, ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν τριακοσίων· ἐφ᾽ ἧς κατεσκεύαστο ληνὸς πηχῶν εἴκοσι τεσσάρων, πλάτος πεντεκαίδεκα, πλήρης σταφυλῆς. ἐπάτουν δὲ ἑξήκοντα Σάτυροι πρὸς αὐλὸν ᾁδοντες μέλος ἐπιλήνιον, ἐφειστήκει δ᾽ αὐτοῖς Σιληνός. καὶ δι᾽ ὅλης τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ γλεῦκος ἔρρει. ἑξῆς ἐφέρετο τετράκυκλος μῆκος πηχῶν εἴκοσι πέντε, πλάτος τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα, ἤγετο δὲ ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων· ἐφ᾽ ἧς ἦν ἀσκὸς τρισχιλίους ἔχων μετρητάς, ἐκ [b] παρδαλῶν ἐρραμμένος· ἔρρει δὲ καὶ οὗτος κατὰ μικρὸν ἀνιέμενος κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν. ἠκολούθουν δ᾽ αὐτῷ Σάτυροι καὶ Σιληνοὶ ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι ἐστεφανωμένοι, φέροντες οἱ μὲν οἰνοχόας, οἱ δὲ φιάλας, οἱ δὲ θηρικλείους μεγάλας, πάντα χρυσᾶ. ἐχόμενος ἤγετο κρατὴρ ἀργυροῦς ἑξακοσίους χωρῶν μετρητὰς ἐπὶ τετρακύκλου ἑλκομένης ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων. εἶχε δὲ ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη καὶ τὰ ὦτα καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν βάσιν ζῷα τετορευμένα [c] καὶ διὰ μέσου ἐστεφάνωτο στεφάνῳ χρυσῷ διαλίθῳ. ἑξῆς ἐφέρετο κυλικεῖα ἀργυρᾶ δωδεκαπήχη δύο, ὕψος πηχῶν ἕξ· ταῦτα δ᾽ εἶχεν ἄνω τε ἀκρωτήρια καὶ ἐν ταῖς γάστραις κύκλῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ποδῶν ζῷα τριημιπήχη καὶ πηχυαῖα πλήθει πολλά, καὶ λουτῆρες μεγάλοι δέκα καὶ κρατῆρες ἑκκαίδεκα, ὧν οἱ μείζους ἐχώρουν μετρητὰς τριάκοντα, οἱ δ᾽ ἐλάχιστοι πέντε, εἶτα λέβητες βαλανωτοὶ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες ἐπ᾽ ἐγγυθήκαις πάντες καὶ ληνοὶ ἀργυραῖ δύο, ἐφ᾽ ὧν ἦσαν βῖκοι [d] εἴκοσι τέσσαρες, τράπεζά τε ὁλάργυρος δωδεκάπηχυς καὶ ἄλλαι ἑξαπήχεις τριάκοντα. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τρίποδες τέσσαρες, ὧν εἷς μὲν εἶχε τὴν περίμετρον πηχῶν ἑκκαίδεκα, κατάργυρος ὢν ὅλος, οἱ δὲ τρεῖς ἐλάττονες ὄντες διάλιθοι κατὰ μέσον ὑπῆρχον. μετὰ τούτους ἐφέροντο Δελφικοὶ τρίποδες ἀργυροῖ ὀγδοήκοντα τὸν ἀριθμόν, ἐλάττους τῶν προειρημένων, ὧν αἱ γωνίαι …, τετραμέτρητοι, ὑδρίαι εἴκοσι καὶ ἕξ, ἀμφορεῖς Παναθηναικοὶ δεκαέξ, ψυκτῆρες ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα. [e] τούτων ὁ μέγιστος ἦν μετρητῶν ἕξ, ὁ δὲ ἐλάχιστος δύο. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἦν ἅπαντα ἀργυρᾶ. Έχόμενοι δὲ τούτων ἐπόμπευον οἱ τὰ χρυσώματα φέροντες, κρατῆρας Λακωνικοὺς τέτταρας ἔχοντας στεφάνους ἀμπελίνους … τετραμέτρητοι ἕτεροι, Κορινθιουργεῖς δύο—οὗτοι δ᾽ εἶχον ἄνωθεν καθήμενα περιφανῆ τετορευμένα ζῷα καὶ ἐν τῷ τραχήλῳ καὶ ἐν ταῖς γάστραις πρόστυπα ἐπιμελῶς πεποιημένα ἐχώρει δ’ ἕκαστος μετρητὰς ὀκτὼ— ἐπ᾽ ἐγγυθήκαις. καὶ ληνός, ἐν [f] ᾗ ἦσαν βῖκοι δέκα, ὁλκεῖα δύο, ἑκάτερον χωροῦν μετρητὰς πέντε, κώθωνες διμέτρητοι δύο, ψυκτῆρες εἴκοσι δύο, ὧν ὁ μέγιστος ἐχώρει μετρητὰς τριάκοντα, ὁ δὲ ἐλάχιστος μετρητήν. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ τρίποδες χρυσοῖ μεγάλοι τέτταρες· καὶ χρυσωματοθήκη χρυσῆ διάλιθος πηχῶν δέκα ὕψος, ἔχουσα βασμοὺς ἕξ, ἐν οἷς καὶ ζῷα τετραπάλαιστα ἐπιμελῶς πεποιημένα, πολλὰ τὸν ἀριθμὸν· καὶ κυλικεῖα δύο καὶ ὑάλινα διάχρυσα δύο· ἐγγυθῆκαι [200] [a] χρυσαῖ τετραπήχεις δύο, ἄλλαι ἐλάττους τρεῖς, ὑδρίαι δέκα, βωμὸς τρίπηχυς, μαζονόμια εἴκοσι πέντε. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπορεύοντο παῖδες χίλιοι καὶ ἑξακόσιοι ἐνδεδυκότες χιτῶνας λευκούς, ἐστεφανωμένοι οἱ μὲν κισσῷ, οἱ δὲ πίτυι· ὧν διακόσιοι μὲν καὶ πεντήκοντα χοεῖς εἶχον χρυσοῦς, τετρακόσιοι δὲ ἀργυροῦς, ἕτεροι δὲ τριακόσιοι καὶ εἴκοσι ψυκτήρια ἔφερον χρυσᾶ, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶ. μεθ᾽ οὓς ἄλλοι παῖδες ἔφερον κεράμια πρὸς τὴν τοῦ γλυκισμοῦ χρείαν, ὧν εἴκοσι μὲν ἦν χρυσᾶ, πεντήκοντα δὲ ἀργυρᾶ, τριακόσια δὲ κεκηρο- [b] γραφημένα χρώμασι παντοίοις. καὶ κερασθέντων ἐν ταῖς ὑδρίαις καὶ πίθοις πάντες κοσμίως ἐγλυκάνθησαν οἱ ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ. ‘Εξῆς τούτοις καταλέγει τετραπήχεις τραπέζας ἐφ᾽ ὧν πολλὰ θέας ἄξια πολυτελῶς κατεσκευασμένα περιήγετο θεάματα. ἐν οἷς καὶ ὁ τῆς Σεμέλης θάλαμος, ἐν ᾧ ἔχουσι χιτῶνας τινὲς διαχρύσους καὶ λιθοκολλήτους τῶν πολυτιμήτων. οὐκ ἄξιον δ᾽ ἦν παραλιπεῖν τήνδε “τὴν τετράκυκλον, μῆκος οὖσαν πηχῶν εἴκοσι δύο, πλάτος δεκατεσσάρων, [c] ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑλκομένην πεντακοσίων· ἐφ᾽ ἧς ἄντρον ἦν βαθὺ καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν κισσῷ καὶ μίλῳ. ἐκ τούτου περιστεραὶ καὶ φάσσαι καὶ τρυγόνες καθ᾽ ὅλην ἐξίπταντο τὴν ὁδόν, λημνίσκοις τοὺς πόδας δεδεμέναι πρὸς τὸ ῥᾳδίως ὑπὸ τῶν θεωμένων ἁρπάζεσθαι. ἀνέβλυζον δὲ ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ κρουνοὶ δύο, ὁ μὲν γάλακτος, ὁ δὲ οἴνου. πᾶσαι δ᾽ αἱ περὶ αὐτὸν Νύμφαι στεφάνους εἶχον χρυσοῦς, ὁ δὲ Ἑρμῆς καὶ κηρύκειον χρυσοῦν, ἐσθῆτας δὲ πολυτελεῖς. ἐπὶ δὲ ἄλλης τετρακύκλου, ἣ περιεῖχε [d] τὴν ἐξ Ἰνδῶν κάθοδον Διονύσου, Διόνυσος ἦν δωδεκάπηχυς ἐπ᾽ ἐλέφαντος κατακείμενος, ἠμφιεσμένος πορφυρίδα καὶ στέφανον κισσοῦ καὶ ἀμπέλου χρυσοῦν ἔχων· εἶχε δ᾽ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ θυρσόλογχον χρυσοῦν, ὑπεδέδετο δ᾽ ἐμβάδας χρυσορραφεῖς. προεκάθητο δ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῷ τραχήλῳ τοῦ ἐλέφαντος Σατυρίσκος πεντάπηχυς ἐστεφανωμένος πίτυος στεφάνῳ χρυσῷ, τῇ δεξιᾷ χειρὶ αἰγείῳ κέρατι χρυσῷ σημαίνων. ὁ δὲ ἐλέφας σκευὴν εἶχε χρυσῆν καὶ περὶ τῷ τραχήλῳ [e] κίσσινον χρυσοῦν στέφανον. ἠκολούθουν δὲ τούτῳ παιδίσκαι πεντακόσιαι κεκοσμημέναι χιτῶσι πορφυροῖς, χρυσῷ διεζωσμέναι. ἐστεφάνωντο δὲ αἱ μὲν ἡγούμεναι ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι χρυσοῖς πιτυίνοις στεφάνοις, ἠκολούθουν δ᾽ αὐταῖς Σάτυροι ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι, πανοπλίας οἱ μὲν χρυσᾶς, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶς, οἱ δὲ χαλκᾶς ἔχοντες. μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἐπορεύοντο ὄνων ἶλαι πέντε, ἐφ᾽ ὧν ἦσαν Σιληνοὶ καὶ Σάτυροι ἐστεφανωμένοι. τῶν δὲ ὄνων οἱ μὲν χρυσᾶς, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶς προμετωπίδας καὶ σκευασίας εἶχον. [f] μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἐλεφάντων ἅρματα ἀφείθη εἴκοσι τέτταρα καὶ συνωρίδες τράγων ἑξήκοντα, κόλων δεκαδύο, ὀρύγων ἑπτά, βουβάλων δεκαπέντε, στρουθῶν συνωρίδες ὀκτώ, ὀνελάφων ἑπτά, καὶ συνωρίδες δ᾽ ὄνων ἀγρίων, ἅρματα τέσσαρα. ἐπὶ δὲ πάντων τούτων ἀνεβεβήκει παιδάρια χιτῶνας ἔχοντα ἡνιοχικοὺς καὶ πετάσους. παρανεβεβήκει δὲ παιδισκάρια διεσκευασμένα πελταρίοις καὶ θυρσολόγχοις, κεκοσμημένα ἱματίοις καὶ χρυσίοις. ἐστεφάνωτο δὲ τὰ μὲν ἡνιοχοῦντα παιδάρια πίτυι, τὰ δὲ παιδισκάρια κισσῷ. ἐπῇσαν δὲ καὶ συνωρίδες καμήλων ἕξ, ἐξ ἑκατέρου μέρους τρεῖς· αἷς ἐπηκολούθουν ἀπῆναι ὑφ᾽ ἡμιόνων ἀγόμεναι. αὗται δ᾽ εἶχον σκηνὰς βαρ- [201] [a] βαρικάς, ὑφ᾽ ὧν ἐκάθηντο γυναῖκες Ἰνδαὶ καὶ ἕτεραι κεκοσμημέναι ὡς αἰχμάλωτοι. κάμηλοι δ᾽ αἱ μὲν ἔφερον λιβανωτοῦ μνᾶς τριακοσίας, σμύρνης τριακοσίας, κρόκου καὶ κασίας καὶ κινναμώμου καὶ ἴριδος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀρωμάτων διακοσίας. ἐχόμενοι τούτων ἦσαν Αἰθίοπες δωροφόροι, ὧν οἱ μὲν ἔφερον ὀδόντας ἑξακοσίους, ἕτεροι δὲ ἐβένου κορμοὺς δισχιλίους, ἄλλοι χρυσίου καὶ ἀργυρίου κρατῆρας ἑξήκοντα καὶ ψήγματα [b] χρυσοῦ. μεθ᾽ οὓς ἐπόμπευσαν κυνηγοὶ β᾽ ἔχοντες σιβύνας ἐπιχρύσους. ἤγοντο δὲ καὶ κύνες δισχίλιοι τετρακόσιοι, οἱ μὲν Ἰνδοί, οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ Ὑρκανοὶ καὶ Μολοσσοὶ καὶ ἑτέρων γενῶν. ἑξῆς ἄνδρες ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα φέροντες δένδρα, ἐξ ὧν ἀνήρτητο θηρία παντοδαπὰ καὶ ὄρνεα. εἶτ᾽ ἐφέροντο ἐν ἀγγείοις ψιττακοὶ καὶ ταῲ καὶ μελεαγρίδες καὶ φασιανοὶ ὄρνιθες καὶ ἄλλοι Αἰθιοπικοί, πλήθει πολλοί.” Εἰπὼν δὲ καὶ ἄλλα πλεῖστα καὶ καταλέξας ζῴων ἀγέλας ἐπιφέρει· “πρόβατα Αἰθιοπικὰ ἑκατὸν [c] τριάκοντα, Ἀράβια τριακόσια, Εὐβοικὰ εἴκοσι, καὶ ὁλόλευκοι βόες Ἰνδικοὶ εἴκοσι ἕξ, Αἰθιοπικοὶ ὀκτώ, ἄρκτος λευκὴ μεγάλη μία, παρδάλεις ιδ᾽, πάνθηροι ισ᾽, λυγκία δ᾽, ἄρκηλοι γ᾽, καμηλοπάρδαλις μία, ῥινόκερως Αἰθιοπικὸς α᾽. ἑξῆς ἐπὶ τετρακύκλου Διόνυσος ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς Ῥέας βωμὸν καταπεφευγὼς ὅτε ὑπὸ Ἥρας ἐδιώκετο, στέφανον ἔχων χρυσοῦν, Πριάπου αὐτῷ παρεστῶτος ἐστεφανωμένου χρυσῷ κισσίνῳ. τὸ δὲ τῆς Ἥρας ἄγαλμα [d] στεφάνην εἶχε χρυσῆν. Ἀλεξάνδρου δὲ καὶ Πτολεμαίου ἀγάλματα ἐστεφανωμένα στεφάνοις κισσίνοις ἐκ χρυσοῦ. τὸ δὲ τῆς Ἀρετῆς ἄγαλμα τὸ παρεστὸς τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ στέφανον εἶχεν ἐλαίας χρυσοῦν. καὶ Πρίαπος δ᾽ αὐτοῖς συμπαρῆν ἔχων στέφανον κίσσινον ἐκ χρυσοῦ. Κόρινθος δ᾽ ἡ πόλις παρεστῶσα τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ ἐστεφάνωτο διαδήματι χρυσῷ. παρέκειντο δὲ πᾶσι τούτοις κυλικεῖον μεστὸν χρυσωμάτων κρατήρ τε χρυσοῦς μετρητῶν πέντε. τῇ δὲ τετρακύκλῳ ταύτῃ ἠκολούθουν [e] γυναῖκες ἔχουσαι ἱμάτια πολυτελῆ καὶ κόσμον· προσηγορεύοντο δὲ πόλεις, αἵ τε ἀπ᾽ Ἰωνίας καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ Ἑλληνίδες ὅσαι τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ τὰς νήσους κατοικοῦσαι ὑπὸ τοὺς Πέρσας ἐτάχθησαν· ἐφόρουν δὲ πᾶσαι στεφάνους χρυσοῦς. ἐφέρετο καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἄλλων τετρακύκλων θύρσος ἐνενηκοντάπηχυς χρυσοῦς καὶ λόγχη ἀργυρᾶ ἑξηκοντάπηχυς καὶ ἐν ἄλλῃ φαλλὸς χρυσοῦς πηχῶν ρκ᾽ διαγεγραμμένος καὶ διαδεδεμένος στέμμασι διαχρύσοις, ἔχων ἐπ᾽ ἄκρου ἀστέρα χρυσοῦν, οὗ ἦν ἡ περίμετρος πηχῶν σ᾽.” Πολλῶν οὖν καὶ ποικίλῶν εἰρημένων ἐν ταῖς [f] πομπαῖς ταύταις μόνα ἐξελεξάμεθα ἐν οἷς ἦν χρυσὸς καὶ ἄργυρος. καὶ γὰρ διαθέσεις πολλαὶ ἀκοῆς ἦσαν ἄξιαι καὶ θηρίων πλήθη καὶ ἵππων καὶ λέοντες παμμεγέθεις εἴκοσι καὶ τέσσαρες. “ἦσαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλαι τετράκυκλοι οὐ μόνον εἰκόνας βασιλέων φέρουσαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ θεῶν πολλαί. μεθ᾽ ἃς χορὸς ἐπόμπευσεν ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων· ἐν οἷς κιθαρισταὶ συνεφώνουν τριακόσιοι, ἐπιχρύσους ἔχοντες [202] [a] ὅλας κιθάρας καὶ στεφάνους χρυσοῦς. μεθ᾽ οὓς ταῦροι διῆλθον δισχίλιοι ὁμοιοχρώματοι χρυσόκερῳ, προμετωπίδας χρυσᾶς καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον στεφάνους ὅρμους τε καὶ αἰγίδας πρὸ τῶν στηθῶν ἔχοντες· ἦν δ᾽ ἅπαντα ταῦτα χρυσᾶ, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Διὸς ἤγετο πομπὴ καὶ ἄλλων παμπόλλων θεῶν καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν Ἀλεξάνδρου, ὃς ἐφ᾽ ἅρματος ἐλεφάντων ἀληθινῶν ἐφέρετο χρυσοῦς, Νίκην καὶ Ἀθηνᾶν ἐξ ἑκατέρου μέρους ἔχων. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ θρόνοι πολλοὶ ἐξ ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ [b] κατεσκευασμένοι· ὧν ἐφ᾽ ἑνὸς μὲν ἔκειτο στεφάνη χρυσῆ, ἐπ᾽ ἄλλου δὲ κέρας χρυσοῦν, ἐπ᾽ ἄλλου δὲ ἦν στέφανος χρυσοῦς, καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἄλλου δὲ κέρας ὁλόχρυσον. ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Σωτῆρος θρόνον στέφανος ἐπέκειτο ἐκ μυρίων κατεσκευασμένος χρυσῶν. ἐπόμπευσε δὲ καὶ θυμιατήρια χρυσᾶ τριακόσια καὶ πεντήκοντα, καὶ βωμοὶ δὲ ἐπίχρυσοι ἐστεφανωμένοι χρυσοῖς στεφάνοις· ὧν ἑνὶ παρεπεπήγεσαν δᾷδες χρυσοῖ δεκαπήχεις τέσσαρες. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ ἐσχάραι ἐπίχρυσοι β᾽, ὧν ἡ μὲν δωδεκάπηχυς τῇ περιμέτρῳ, τεσσαρακοντάπηχυς ὕψει, ἡ δὲ πηχῶν πεντεκαίδεκα. [c] ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ Δελφικοὶ τρίποδες χρυσοῖ ἐννέα ἐκ πηχῶν τεσσάρων, ἄλλοι ὀκτὼ πηχῶν ἕξ, ἄλλος πηχῶν τριάκοντα, ἐφ᾽ οὗ ἦν ζῷα χρυσᾶ πενταπήχη καὶ στέφανος κύκλῳ χρυσοῦς ἀμπέλινος. παρῆλθαν δὲ καὶ φοίνικες ἐπίχρυσοι ὀκταπήχεις ἑπτὰ καὶ κηρύκειον ἐπίχρυσον πηχῶν τεσσαράκοντα πέντε καὶ κεραυνὸς ἐπίχρυσος πηχῶν τεσσαράκοντα ναός τε ἐπίχρυσος, οὗ ἡ περίμετρος πηχῶν μ᾽· δίκερας πρὸς τούτοις ὀκτάπηχυ. πολὺ δὲ καὶ ζῴων πλῆθος ἐπιχρύσων συνεπόμπευεν, ὧν ἦν τὰ [d] πολλὰ δωδεκαπήχη· καὶ θηρία ὑπεράγοντα τοῖς μεγέθεσι καὶ ἀετοὶ πηχῶν εἴκοσι. στέφανοί τε χρυσοῖ ἐπόμπευσαν τρισχίλιοι διακόσιοι, ἕτερός τε μυστικὸς χρυσοῦς λίθοις πολυτελέσι κεκοσμημένος ὀγδοηκοντάπηχυς· οὗτος δὲ περιετίθετο τῷ τοῦ Βερενικείου θυρώματι· αἰγίς τε ὁμοίως χρυσῆ. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ στεφάναι χρυσοῖ πάνυ πολλαί, ἃς ἔφερον παιδίσκαι πολυτελῶς κεκοσμημέναι· ὧν μία δίπηχυς εἰς ὕψος, τὴν δὲ περίμετρον ἔχουσα ἑκκαίδεκα πηχῶν. ἐπόμπευσε δὲ καὶ θώραξ [e] χρυσοῦς πηχῶν δώδεκα καὶ ἕτερος ἀργυροῦς πηχῶν ιη᾽, ἔχων ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ κεραυνοὺς χρυσοῦς δεκαπήχεις δύο καὶ στέφανον δρυὸς διάλιθον. ἀσπίδες χρυσοῖ εἴκοσι, πανοπλίαι χρυσοῖ ξδ᾽, κνημῖδες χρυσοῖ τριπήχεις β᾽, λεκάναι χρυσοῖ δεκαδύο, φιάλαι πολλαὶ πάνυ τὸν ἀριθμόν, οἰνοχόαι τριάκοντα, ἐξάλειπτρα μεγάλα δέκα, ὑδρίαι δεκαδύο, μαζονόμια πεντήκοντα, τράπεζαι διάφοροι, κυλικεῖα [f] χρυσωμάτων πέντε, κέρας ὁλόχρυσον πηχῶν λ᾽. ταῦτα δὲ τὰ χρυσώματα ἐκτὸς ἦν τῶν ἐν τῇ τοῦ Διονύσου πομπῇ διενεχθέντων. εἶτ᾽ ἀργυρωμάτων ἅμαξαι τετρακόσιοι καὶ χρυσωμάτων εἴκοσι, ἀρωμάτων δὲ ὀκτακόσιαι. ἐπὶ δὲ πᾶσιν ἐπόμπευσαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ ἱππικοὶ καὶ πεζικαί, πᾶσαι καθωπλισμέναι θαυμασίως. πεζοὶ μὲν εἰς πέντε [203] [a] μυριάδας καὶ ἑπτακισχιλίους καὶ ἑξακοσίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ δισμύριοι τρισχίλιοι διακόσιοι. πάντες δ᾽ οὗτοι ἐπόμπευσαν τὴν ἁρμόζουσαν ἑκάστῳ ἠμφιεσμένοι στολὴν καὶ τὰς προσηκούσας ἔχοντες πανοπλίας. ἐκτὸς δ᾽ ὧν πάντες οὗτοι εἶχον πανοπλιῶν καὶ ἄλλαι πλεῖστοι ἦσαν ἀποκείμενοι, ὧν οὐδὲ τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀναγράψαι ῥᾴδιον.” κατέλεξε δ᾽ αὐτὸν ὁ Καλλίξεινος. “ἐστεφανώθησαν δ᾽ ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι καὶ στεφάνοις χρυσοῖς εἰκόσι· Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ὁ πρῶτος καὶ Βερενίκη εἰκόσι τρισὶν ἐφ᾽ ἁρμάτων χρυσῶν καὶ τεμένεσιν ἐν Δωδώνῃ. καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ δαπάνημα τοῦ νομί- [b] σματος τάλαντα δισχίλια διακόσια τριάκοντα ἐννέα, μναῖ πεντήκοντα· καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἠριθμήθη πάντα τοῖς οἰκονόμοις διὰ τὴν τῶν στεφανούντων προθυμίαν πρὸ τοῦ τὰς θέας παρελθεῖν. ὁ δὲ Φιλάδελφος Πτολεμαῖος υἱὸς αὐτῶν εἰκόσι χρυσαῖς δυσὶ μὲν ἐφ᾽ ἁρμάτων χρυσῶν, ἐπὶ δὲ κιόνων ἑξαπήχει μιᾷ, πενταπήχεσι πέντε, τετραπήχεσι ἕξ.” Ποία, ἄνδρες δαιτυμόνες, βασιλεία οὕτως γέγονε πολύχρυσος; οὐ γὰρ τὰ ἐκ Περσῶν καὶ [c] Βαβυλῶνος λαβοῦσα χρήματα ἢ μέταλλα ἐργασαμένη ἢ Πακτωλὸν ἔχουσα χρυσοῦ ψῆγμα καταφέροντα. μόνος γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ὁ χρυσορόας καλούμενος Νεῖλος μετὰ τροφῶν ἀφθόνων καὶ χρυσὸν ἀκίβδηλον καταφέρει ἀκινδύνως γεωργούμενον, ὡς πᾶσιν ἐξαρκεῖν ἀνθρώποις, δίκην Τριπτολέμου πεμπόμενον εἰς πᾶσαν γῆν. διόπερ αὐτὸν καὶ ὁ Βυζάντιος ποιητὴς Παρμένων ἐπικαλούμενος “Αἰγύπτιε Ζεῦ, φησί, Νεῖλε.” πολλῶν δὲ ὁ Φιλάδελφος βασιλέων πλούτῳ διέφερε καὶ περὶ πάντα ἐσπουδάκει τὰ κατασκευάσματα φιλοτίμως, |
| TRANSLATION Rice 1983, 9-25 (197C-203B). Since we have considered the subject of the pavilion in detail, we will also describe the Grand Procession. It was led through the city stadium. First of all marched the sectional procession of the Morning Star, because the Grand Procession began at the time when that aforementioned star appeared. Next came the sectional procession named after the parents of the kings. After these processions came those of all the gods, having the attributes which were appropriate to the traditions of each of them. It happened that the procession of the Evening Star came last of all, since the season brought the time of day to the point when that star appeared. If anyone wishes to know the details of all of these processions, let him take and study the records of the Penteteric festivals. In the procession of Dionysus, Silenoi were sent forth first to restrain the crowds; some of them wore purple cloaks, others crimson ones. Satyrs followed them, twenty along each part of the stadium, carrying gilded torches of ivy leaves. After them came Nikai with golden wings; they carried thymiateria nine feet tall which were adorned with gilded ivy leaves. The women had on chitons embroidered with figures, and wore much gold jewelry. A double altar nine feet long followed them, thickly covered with gilded ivy foliage and having a golden crown of vine leaves which was entwined with white-striped ribbons. Boys in purple chitons followed it, carrying frankincense and myrrh and also saffron on 120 golden trenchers. After them came forty Satyrs crowned with golden ivy crowns; the bodies of some of them were smeared with purple dye, others with vermilion and other colours. They carried a gold crown made of vine and ivy. After them came two Silenoi in purple cloaks and white sandals, one of them had a petasos and a golden herald’s staff, and the other a trumpet. Between them walked a taller man, six feet tall, in a tragic costume and mask, who carried the golden horn of Amaltheia. He was called Eniautos. A very beautiful woman of the same height followed him, adorned with much gold jewelry and a magnificent (costume); in one hand she carried a crown of persea, in the other a palm branch. She was called Penteteris. Four Horai followed her, elaborately dressed and each carrying her own fruits. Following them were two golden thymiateria of ivy, nine feet tall, and between them was a square altar of gold. Once again came Satyrs, having golden ivy crowns and dressed in scarlet; some of them carried a golden oinochoe, and others a karchesion. After them marched the poet Philikos, who was the priest of Dionysus, and all the Guild of the Artists of Dionysus. Delphic tripods were carried right after them as prizes for the choregoi of the flautists. The one for the choregos of the boys’ class was 13 1/2 feet tall, and the one for the choregos of the men was 18 feet tall. After them a four-wheeled cart, 21 feet long by 12 feet wide, was drawn by 180 men. In it was a fifteen-foot statue of Dionysus pouring a libation from a golden karchesion. He wore a purple chiton reaching to his feet and a transparent, saffron-coloured robe on top of that. The statue also wore a purple himation woven with gold. Before the figure lay a golden Laconian krater of fifteen measures, and also a three-legged, golden table on which lay a golden thymiaterion and two gold phialai full of cassia and saffron. The statue was covered by a canopy decorated with ivy, vine, and other fruits, and fastened to it were crowns, fillets, thyrsoi, drums, headbands, and satyric, comic, and tragic masks. There (followed) behind the cart priests, priestesses, many different thiasoi, and female Bassarai, and Lydai, who had hair streaming loose and were crowned, some with snakes, others with smilax, vine, and ivy. Some of them held daggers in their hands, others snakes. After them a four-wheeled cart was led along by sixty men … 12 feet wide, on which there was a seated statue of Nysa twelve feet tall, wearing a yellow chiton woven with gold thread, and wrapped in a Laconian himation. This statue stood up mechanically without anyone laying a hand on it, and it sat back down again after pouring a libation of milk from a gold phiale. It held in its left hand a thyrsos bound with fillets. The figure was crowned with golden ivy leaves and with grapes made of very precious jewels. The statue had a canopy, and four gilded torches were fastened to the corners of the cart. Next, another four-wheeled cart, 30 feet long by 24 feet wide, was pulled by 300 men, on which there was set up a wine-press 36 feet long by 22 1/2 feet wide, full of ripe grapes. Sixty Satyrs trampled them as they sang a vintage song to the flute, and a Silenos superintended them. The grape juice flowed through the whole street. Next there came a four-wheeled cart, 37 1/2 feet long by 21 feet wide, which was pulled by 600 men. On it was an askos made of leopard skins which held 3,000 measures. As the wine was released little by little, it also flowed over the whole street. One hundred and twenty crowned Satyrs and Silenoi followed it, some carrying oinochoai, others phialai, and others large therikleioi—all of gold. Next a silver krater holding 600 measures was led along on a four-wheeled cart drawn by 600 men. Under the rim and handles and on the foot it had figures of chased metal, and it was wreathed in the middle with a gold crown studded with jewels. Next were carried two silver cup-stands, 18 feet by 9 feet. These had finial ornaments on top, and around their curving sides and on their feet they had figures 2 1/4 and 1 1/2 feet tall, many in number. There were ten large basins and sixteen kraters, of which the larger ones held thirty measures, and the smallest, five measures. Next there Were six cauldrons, twenty-four banotoi, all on stands, and two silver wine-presses on which were twenty-four bikoi, a solid silver table 18 feet long, and thirty others 9 feet long. In addition to these were four threelegged tables, of which one, being plated in silver all over, had a circumference of 24 feet, while the three other smaller ones were encrusted with jewels in the middle. After these were carried Delphic tripods of silver, eighty in number, smaller than those mentioned before, whose angles … of four measures, twenty-six hydriae, sixteen Panathenaic amphorae, and 160 psykters. The largest of these held six measures, and the smallest two. All of these vessels were silver. Right after these marched those carrying the gold plate, four Laconian kraters with crowns of vine … holding four measures, two others of Corinthian workmanship on stands. (These had figures in the round of beaten metal on their upper part, and on the necks and bellies carefully executed figures in low relief. Each of them held eight measures.) Then there appeared a wine-press, on which were ten bikoi, two bowls each of five measures, two Laconian cups of two measures, twenty-two psykters, of which the largest held thirty measures, and the smallest one measure. Next in the procession were four large three-legged tables of gold, and a golden jewel-encrusted chest for gold objects, 15 feet high, which had six shelves holding carefully made figures four spans high, many in number; two cup-stands, two gilded glass vessels, two golden stands for vessels which were six feet high and three smaller ones, ten hydriai, an altar of 4 1/2 feet, and twenty-five trenchers. After these marched 1,600 boys wearing white chitons, some wreathed in ivy, others with pine; 250 of them had golden choes, 400 had silver choes, and 320 others carried gold psykters, others silver ones. After these boys, other boys carried jars to be used for sweet wine, of which twenty were gold, fifty were silver, and 300 were decorated with encaustic painting in many colours. And when the liquid was mixed in hydriai and pithoi, all those in the stadium received their due portion of sweet wine. After these things he told at length of six-foot long tables on which the many tableaux, extravagantly arranged and worthy of view, were led around; among these was the Chamber of Semele, in which some figures wore chitons which were embroidered with gold and set with gems of the highest value. It would not be right to pass over the four-wheeled cart, 33 feet long by 21 feet wide, drawn by 500 men, on which there was a deep cave profusely shaded with ivy and yew. All along the route there flew out from it pigeons, ring-doves, and turtle-doves whose feet were fastened with ribbons so that they could be easily caught by the spectators. Two springs gushed forth from the cave, one of milk and one of wine. All the Nymphs round about him had golden crowns, and Hermes had a golden herald’s staff, and very rich clothing. On another four-wheeled cart, which contained the “Return of Dionysus from India”, an 18-foot statue of Dionysus, having a purple cloak and a golden crown of ivy and vine, lay upon an elephant. He held in his hands a golden thyrsos-lance, and his feet were shod with felt slippers embroidered with gold. In front of him on the neck of the elephant there sat a young Satyr seven feet tall, wreathed with a golden crown of pine, signalling with a golden goat-horn in his right hand. The elephant had gold trappings and a golden ivy crown about its neck. Five hundred little girls followed him, dressed in purple chitons and golden girdles. The first 120 girls were wreathed with golden pine crowns. One hundred and twenty Satyrs followed them, some wearing silver armour, others bronze. After them marched five troops of asses on which rode crowned Silenoi and Satyrs. Some of the asses had frontlets and harnesses of gold, others of silver. After them marched twenty-four elephant quadrigae, sixty bigae of goats, twelve of saiga antelopes, seven of oryxes, fifteen of hartebeest, eight bigae of ostriches, seven of onelaphoi, four bigae of onagers, and four quadrigae of horses. Little boys were mounted on all of these, wearing the chitons of charioteers and petasoi: beside them were mounted little girls wearing himatia woven with gold, and armed with light shields and thyrsos-lances. The boy chationes were crowned with pine, and the girls with ivy. In addition to these, there were six bigae of camels, three on either side, which were followed by carts drawn by mules. These contained foreign tents under which sat Indian women and others dressed as prisoners. More camels carried 300 minae of frankincense, 300 of myrrh, and 200 of saffron, cassia, cinnamon, orris, and other spices. Ethiopian tribute-bearers followed right after them; some of them carried 600 elephant tusks, others 2,000 logs of ebony, and others sixty kraters full of pieces of gold and silver and gold dust. After them came two kynegoi with gilded hunting spears. Two thousand four hundred dogs were also led along, some Indian, the others Hyrcanian, Molossian, and other breeds. Right after them came 150 men carrying trees from which were suspended different kinds of animals and birds. Then there were borne along in cages parrots, peacocks, guinea fowl, pheasants, and Ethiopian birds, many in number. Telling also of many other things, and enumerating herds of animals, he included, One hundred and thirty Ethiopian, three hundred Arabian, and twenty Euboean sheep, twenty-six all-white Indian cows plus twenty Ethiopian ones, one large white bear, fourteen leopards, sixteen cheetahs, four caracals, three cheetah cubs, one giraffe, and one Ethiopian rhinoceros. Next in a four-wheeled cart appeared Dionysus, having fled to the Altar of Rhea when he was pursued by Hera; Dionysus had a golden crown, and Priapus stood beside him crowned with a golden ivy crown. The statue of Hera had a golden stephane. … statues of Alexander and Ptolemy wreathed with ivy crowns of gold. The statue of Arete beside Ptolemy had a golden crown of olive. Priapus, having an ivy crown of gold, was also present with them. The city of Corinth standing of Corinth standing by Ptolemy was crowned with a golden diadem. Adjacent to all these figures were a cup-stand full of gold vessels and a golden krater of five measures. This cart was followed by women wearing very costly himatia and jewelry. They were called by the names of cities of Ionia and the rest of the Greek cities which, situated in Asia and the Islands, had been subdued by the Persians. All wore golden crowns. There were carried in other carts a golden thyrsus which was 135 feet long, and a ninety-foot long silver spear. In another cart was borne a golden phallos, measuring 180 feet in length, painted all over and bound with golden fillets, having at the end a gold star whose circumference was 9 feet. Although many and various things have been said about these processions, we have chosen only those things in them which were silver and gold. For there were also many representations worthy of report, and a great number of beasts and horses, and twenty-four extremely large lions. There were also other four-wheeled carts carrying statues not only of kings, but also many of gods. After them a chorus of 600 men marched in procession, among whom were 300 kitharistai playing in concert, who had kitharas gilded all over and gold crowns. After them came 2,000 golden-horned bulls all of the same colour, having golden frontlets and crowns in the middle, and necklaces and aegises on their chests. All of this was of gold. And after these things came the processions of Zeus and of all the other gods, and after all of them, the procession of Alexander, whose golden statue was borne upon a quadriga of real elephants with Nike and Athena on either side. In the procession were also led along many thrones constructed from ivory and gold; on one of these lay a golden stephané, on another a gold horn, on another a golden crown, and on still another a horn of pure gold. On the throne of Ptolemy Soter lay a crown made from 10,000 pieces of gold. There also appeared in the procession 350 golden thymiateria, and gilded altars crowned with gold crowns. Four torches fifteen feet long were affixed to one of them. In the procession were also two gilded escharai, of which one was 18 feet in circumference, and 60 feet in height, while the other measured 22 1/2 feet. Golden Delphic tripods also appeared in the procession; nine of them were 6 feet tall, eight others 9 feet tall, and one other, 45 feet tall, on which there were golden figures 7 1/2 feet high and a golden vine wreath which encircled it. There passed by seven gilded palm trees 12 feet high, a gilded herald’s staff 67 1/2 feet long, a gilded thunderbolt 60 feet long, and a gilded shrine whose circumference was 60 feet. In addition to all of these was a dikeras 12 feet tall. A very great number of gilded figures appeared in the procession along with everything else, of which many were 18 feet high. There were also beasts of an extraordinary size, and eagles 30 feet high. Golden crowns, numbering 3,200, also appeared in the procession, and one other mystic crown of gold, decorated with very precious jewels and measuring 120 feet. This crown was put around the door of the Berenikeion. There was likewise a golden aegis. Very many golden stephanai also appeared in the procession, which richly dressed little girls carried; one of these was 3 feet tall and had a circumference of 24 feet. Also in the procession was a golden breastplate 18 feet long and another silver one 27 feet long which had on it two golden thunderbolts 15 feet long and an oak crown studded with jewels. There were twenty gold shields, sixty-four golden panoplies, two golden greaves 4 ½ feet in length, twelve golden dishes, a very large number of phialai, thirty oinochoai, ten large unguent-boxes, twelve hydriai, fifty trenchers, various tables, five cup-stands for gold vessels, and a pure gold horn 45 feet long. This gold plate was in addition to that carried in the procession of Dionysus. Then there were 400 cartloads of silver plate, 20 of gold, and 800 of spices. At the very end, the infantry and cavalry forces marched in procession, all of them fully armed in a marvellous fashion. The foot numbered 57,600, and the horse 23,200. All these marched along dressed in the uniform appropriate to each, and having the proper panoply. Besides the armour worn by all these troops, there were also many other panoplies kept in reserve, whose number is not easy to record, but Kallixeinos gave the full count. In the competition they were crowned with twenty gold crowns. Ptolemy I and Berenike <were honoured> with three statues in golden chariots and with precincts in Dodona. And the cost in coin was 2,239 talents and 50 minae; all this was counted out by the oikonomoi before the spectacle was over through the eagerness of those giving the crowns. Their son Ptolemy Philadelphus <was honoured> with two golden statues on golden chariots, and with others on columns, one of 9 feet, five of 7 ½, and sex of 6 feet. |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY Bell, A. (2004). Spectacular Power in the Greek and Roman City. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 120-134. Bömmer, (1952) RE, s.v. Pompa, Vol. XXI.2, 1954, n. 196. Bömmer, (1952) RE, s.v. Ptolemaia, Vol. XXIII, 1578-1590, sp. 1579. Caneva, S. (2010). “Linguaggi della festa e linguaggi del potere ad Alessandria, nella Grande Processione di Tolemeo Filadelfo”. In: E. Bona and M. Curnis, eds., Linguaggi del potere, poteri del linguaggio. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso, 173-189. Caneva, S. G. (2016). “Short notes on 3rd-Century Ptolemaic royal formulae and festivals”. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 200: 207-214. Caspari, F. (1933). “Studien zu dem Kallixeinosfragment Athenaios 5, 197c-203 b”. Hermes 68(4): 400-414. Coarelli, F. (1990). “La pompé di Tolomeo Filadelfo e il mosaico miotico di Palestrina”. Ktèma 15: 225-251. Dalby, A. (2012). “Celebrating Hellenism far from Hellas: feasts and festivals of Ptolemy II of Egypt”. In: M. McWilliams, ed., Celebration: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2011. Blackawton, Totnes, Devon: Prospect Books, 86-94. Dunand, F. (1981). “Fête et propagande à Alexandrie sous les Lagides”. In: La fête, pratique et discours. D’Alexandrie hellénistique à la mission de Besançon. Besançon: Université de Franche-Comté, 13-40. Erskine, A. (2013). “Hellenistic parades and Roman triumphs”. In: A. Spalinger and J. Armstrong, eds., Rituals of Triumph in the Mediterranean World. Leiden: Brill, 37–55. Foertmeyer, V. (1988). “The dating of the pompe of Ptolemy II Philadelphus”. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 37(1): 90-104. Goyette, M. (2010): “Ptolemy II Philadelphus and the Dionysiac Model of Political Authority”. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 2(1): 1-13. Gulick, C. B. (1928). Athenaeus. The Deipnosophists. London: Willian Heinemann Ltd (Athen. Deipn. 196A-203C = Calixenus of Rhodes FGrH 627 fr.2.). Hazzard, R. A. (2000). Imagination of a Monarchy: Studies in Ptolemaic Propaganda. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 59-79. Hölbl, G. (2001). A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. London-New York: Routledge, 39-40, 290. Hölscher, T. (2000). “Philadelphus procession”. In: L. Mooren, ed., Politics, Administration and Society in the Hellenistic and Roman World. Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Bertinoro 19-24 July 1997. Leuven: Peeters, 365-388. Jacoby, F. (1923). Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker. Kallixeinos von Rhodos fr. 2, n. 627. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. Johstono, P. (2018). “The Grand Procession, Galatersieg, and Ptolemaic Kingship”. In: T. Howe and F. Pownall, eds., Ancient Macedonians in Greek and Roman Sources: From History to Historiography. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales, 181–199. Keyser, P. T. (2016). “Venus and Mercury in the grand procession of Ptolemy II”. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 65(1): 31–52. Rice, E. E. (1983). The Grand Procession of Ptolemy Philadelphus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rodríguez Noriega Guillén, L., trans., (1998). Ateneo. Banquete de los eruditos. Vol. 3. Libros III-V. Madrid: Biblioteca Clásica Gredos. Thompson, D. J. (2000). “‘Philadelphus’ procession: dynastic power in a Mediterranean context’”. In: L. Mooren, ed., Politics, Administration and Society in the Hellenistic and Roman World. Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Bertinoro 19-24 July 1997. Leuven: Peeters, 365–388. Walbank, F. W. (1996). “Two Hellenistic processions: a matter of self-definition”. Scripta Classica Israelica 15: 119-130. Wikander, C. (1992): “Pomp and circumstance: the procession of Ptolemaios II.” Opuscula Atheniensia 19: 143–150. Yonge, C. D., trans., (1854). Athenaeus of Naucratis. Deipnosophistae, 3 vol. London: Henry G. Bohn. |
Tag
Alexandria
Letter of the Imperator Claudius to the Alexandrines
| TITLE Letter of the Imperator Claudius to the Alexandrines |
| DATE 41 CE |
| TEXT Edition of Oliver 1989, 78-80 (see also: P. Lond 6.1912). Col. I [1] Λούκιος Αἰμίλλιος Ῥῆκτος λέγει· [2] ἐπειδὴ τῇ ἀναγνώσει τῆς ἱ̣εροτάτης [3] καὶ εὐεργετικωτάτης ἰς τὴν πόλειν [4] ἐπιστολῆς πᾶσα ἡ πόλεις παρατυχεῖν [5] οὐκ ἠδυνηθη{ν} διὰ τ̣ὸ̣ π̣λ̣ῆ̣θος αὐτῆς, [6] ἀνανκαῖον ἡγησάμην ἐκθεῖναι [7] τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἵνα κατʼ ἄνδρα ἕκαστον [8] ἀναγεινοσκων αὐτὴν τή̣ν τε μεγαλιό̣τητα [9] τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν Καίσαρος θαυμάσητε [10] καὶ τῇ πρὸς τὴν πόλε̣ιν [[ὁμοίᾳ]] εὐνοίᾳ [11] χάριν ἔχητε. (ἔτους) β Τιβερίου Κλαυδίου [12] Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ Γερμανικοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος, μηνὸς Νέου [13] Σεβαστο(ῦ) ιδ. Col. II [14] Τιβέριος Κλαύδιος Καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς Γερμανικὸς Αὐτοκράτωρ ἀρχ{ι}ιερεὺς [15] μέγειστος δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας ὕπατος ἀποδεδιγμένος Ἀλεξανδρέων [16] τῇ πόλει χαίρειν. Τιβέριος Κλαύδιος Βάρβιλλος, Ἀπολλώνις Ἀρτεμιδώρου, [17] Χαιρήμων Λεονίδου, Μάρκος Ἰούλιος Ἀσκληπιάδης, Γάιος Ἰούλιος Διονύσιο(ς), [18] Τιβέριος Κλαύδιος Φανίας, Πασίων Ποτάμωνος, Διονύσιος Σαββ̣ί̣ωνος [19] Τιβέριος Κλαύδις <Ἀρχίβος>, Ἀπολλώνις Ἀρίστονος, Γάιος Ἰούλιος Ἀπολλ̣ώνιος, Ἑρμαίσκος [20] Ἀπολλωνίου, ὑ πρέσβεις ὑμῶν, ἀναδόντες μοι τὸ ψήφισμα πολλὰ περὶ [21] τῆς πόλεως διεξῆλθον, ὑπαγόμενοί μοι <ζ>ῆλον πρὸς τὴν ε̣ἰς ἡμᾶς [22] εὔνοιαν ἣν ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων, εὖ εἴστε, παρʼ ἐμοὶ τεταμιευμένη̣ν̣ ε̣[τι] [23] εἴχεται, φύσει μὲν εὐσεβεῖς περὶ τοὺς Σεβαστοὺς ὑπάρχοντες, ὡς [24] ἐκ πολλῶν μοι γέγονε γνόριμον, ἐξερέτως δὲ περὶ τὸν ἐμὸν [25] οἶκον καὶ σπουδάσαντες καὶ σπουδασθέντος, ὧν εἵνα τὸ τελευ- [26] ταῖον εἴπωι παρεὶς τὰ ἄλλα μέγειστός ἐστιν μάρτυς οὗμος ἀδελφὸς [27] Γερμανικὸς Καῖσαρ γνησιωτέραις ὑμᾶς φωναῖς προσαγορεύσας· [28] διόπερ ἡδέως προσεδεξάμην τὰς δοθείσας ὑφʼ ἡμῶν μοι τιμὰς [29] καίπερ οὐκ ὢν πρὸς τὰ τοιαῦτα {ρ} ῥαίδιος. καὶ προ͂τα μὲν Σεβαστὴν [30] ὑμεῖν ἄγειν ἐπιτρέπωι τὴν ἐμὴν γενεθλείαν ὃν τρόπον αὐτοὶ προ [31] είρησθαι, τὰς τὲ ἑκα{τασ}σταχοῦ τῶν ἀνδριάντων ἀναστάσεις [32] ἐμοῦ τε καὶ τοῦ γένους μου ποιήσασθε συνχωρῶι· ἐγὼ ὁρῶι γὰρ [33] <ὅτι> πάντη μνημεῖα τῆς ἡμετέρας εὐσεβείας εἰ̣ς̣ τ̣ὸ̣ν ἐμὸν οἶκον [34] ὑδροσασθαι <ἐ> σπουδασαται. τῶν δὲ̣ δυο̣ῖ̣ν χρυ[σῶ]ν ἀνδρ̣ι̣ά̣ν̣των [35] ὁ μὲν Κλαυδιαν̣ῆ̣ς Εἰρήνης Σεβασ̣τῆς γεν̣ό̣[με]ν̣ο̣ς, ὥ̣σ̣περ ὑπέθετο [36] καὶ προσελειπάρ̣η[σ]ε̣ν̣ ὁ ἐμοὶ τιμ[ι]ώτ̣α̣τ̣ο̣ς̣ Βάρβιλ̣λ̣ο̣ς ἀρνουμένου [37] μου διὰ τὸ φορτ̣ι̣κ̣ό̣τ̣ε̣[ρο]ς δ[οκ]ε̣ῖ[ν], ἐ̣π̣εὶ Ῥώ̣μ̣η̣ς ἀνατεθήσεται, Col. III [38] ὁ δὲ ἕτερος ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἀξιοῦτε πομπεύσει ταῖς ἐπονύμαις [39] ἡμέραις παρʼ ὑμῖν· συνπομπευέτωι δὲ [[και αυ]] αὐτῶι καὶ δίφρος [40] ᾧ βούλεσθαι κόσμωι ἠσκημένος. εὐῆθες δʼ ἴσ{σ}ως τοσαύτας [41] προσ[ι]έμενον τειμὰς ἀρνήσασθαι φυλὴν Κλαυδιανὰν καταδῖξαι [42] ἄλση τε κατὰ νόμον παρεῖναι τῆς Αἰγύπ<τ>ου· διόπερ καὶ ταῦτά [[ημῖ̣ν̣]] [43] θʼ ὑμεῖν ἐπιτρέπωι. εἰ̣ δ̣ὲ̣ βούλεσθαι καὶ Οὐειτρασίου Πολείωνος [44] τοῦ ἐμοῦ ἐπιτρόπου τοὺς ἐφίππους ἀνδριάντας ἀναστήσατε. τῶν δὲ [45] τετραπώλων ἀναστάσε̣[ι]ς <ἃς περὶ τὰς εἰσ>βολὰς τῆς χώρας ἀφιδρῦσέ μοι βούλεσθαι [46] συνχωρῶι, τὸ μὲν περ̣ὶ̣ τὴν Ταπόσιριν καλουμένην τῆς Λιβύης, [47] τὸ δὲ περὶ Φάρον τῆς Ἀλεξανδρε̣ίας, τρίτον δὲ περὶ Πηλούσιον [48] τῆς Αἰγύπ<τ>ου στῆσαι. ἀρχ{ι}ιερέα δʼ ἐμὸν καὶ ναῶν κατασκευὰς [49] παρετοῦμε, οὔτε φορτικὸς τοῖς κατʼ ἐμαυτὸν ἀνθρόποις [50] βουλόμενος εἶναι τὰ ἱ̣ε̣ρ̣ὰ δὲ καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα μόνοις τοῖς θεοῖς [51] ἐξέρετα ὑπὸ τοῦ παντὸς αἰῶνος ἀποδεδόσθαι κρίν[ω]ν. [52] περὶ δὲ τῶν αἰτημ̣άτων ἃ παρʼ ἐμοῦ λαβεῖν ἐσπουδάκα [53] τε οὕτως γεινώσκωι· ἅπασι τοῖς ἐφηβευκώσει ἄχρει τῆς [54] ἐμῆς ἡγεμονείας βαί[[βον]]βαιον διαφυλάσσωι τὴν Ἀλεξανδρέων [55] πολειτείαν ἐπὶ τοῖς τῆς πόλεως τειμείοις κ̣α̣ὶ̣ φ̣ι̣λανθρόποις [56] πᾶσει πλὴν εἰ μή τινε̣ς ὑπῆλθον ὑμᾶς ὡς ἐ̣γ δ̣ού̣λ̣ων [57] γ[ε]γ̣ονότες ἐφηβεῦσαι̣, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα δὲ οὐχ ἧσσον εἶ̣ν̣α̣ι βούλομε [58] βέβαια πάνθʼ ὅσα ὑμεῖν ἐχαρίσθη ὑπό τε τῶν πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἡγεμόνων [59] καὶ τῶν βασιλέων καὶ τῶν̣ ἐπάρχων, ὡς καὶ [ὁ] θεὸς̣ Σεβαστὸς ἐβεβαίωσε. Col. IV [60] τοὺς δὲ νεοκόρους τοῦ ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ ναοῦ ὅς ἐστ̣ι̣ν τοῦ θεοῦ [61] Σεβαστοῦ κληροτοὺς εἶναι βούλομε καθὰ καὶ ὑ ἐν Κανόπωι [62] τοῦ αὐτοῦ θεοῦ Σεβαστοῦ κληροῦνται. ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦ τὰς πολει [63] τεικάς ἀρχὰς τριετῖ̣ς εἶναι καὶ πάν<υ> ἐμοὶ [[υ]] καλῶς βεβουλεῦσθαι [64] δοκεῖται, ὑ γὰρ <ἄρ>χοντες φώβωι τοῦ δώσειν εὐθύνας ὧν κακῶς [65] ἦρξαν μετριώτεροι ἡμεῖν προσενεκθήσονται τὸ̣ν̣ ἐ̣ν ταῖς [66] ἀρχαῖς χρόνον. περὶ δὲ τῆς βουλῆς ὅ τι μέν ποτε σύνηθες [67] ὑμ̣εῖν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων βασιλέων οὐκ ἔχωι λέγειν, ὅτι δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν [68] πρὸ ἐμοῦ Σεβαστῶν οὐκ εἴχεται σαφῶς οἴδατε. καινοῦ δὴ [69] πράγματος νῦν προ͂των καταβαλλομένου ὅπερ ἄδηλον εἰ συνοί [70] σει τῇ πόλει καὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς πράγμασει ἔγραψα Αἰμιλλίωι Ῥήκτωι [71] διασκέψασθαι καὶ δηλῶσέ μοι εἴ ται καὶ συνείστασθαι τὴν ἀρχὴν δεῖ, [72] τόν τε τρόπον, εἴπερ ἄρα συνάγειν δέυ, καθʼ ὃν γενήσεται τοῦτο. [73] τῆς δὲ πρὸς Ἰουδαίους ταραχῆς καὶ στάσεως, μᾶλλον δʼ εἰ χρὴ τὸ ἀλη̣θὲς [74] εἰπεῖν τοῦ πολέμου, πότεροι μεν αἴτιοι κατέστησαν, καίπερ [75] ἐξ ἀντικαταστάσεως πολλὰ τῶν ἡμετέρων πρέσβεων [76] φιλοτειμηθέντων καὶ μάλιστα Διονυσίου τοῦ Θέων[ο]ς, ὅμως [77] οὐκ ἐβουλήθην ἀκριβῶς ἐξελένξαι, ταμιευόμενος ἐμ̣αυτῶι [78] κατὰ τῶν πάλειν ἀρξαμένων ὀργὴν ἀμεταμέλητον· [79] ἁπλῶς δὲ προσαγορεύωι ὅτι ἂν μὴ καταπαύσηται τὴν ὀλέ [80] θριον ὀργὴν ταύτην κατʼ ἀλλήλων αὐθ<ημερ>όν, ἐγβιασθήσομαι [81] δῖξαι ὗόν ἐστιν ἡγεμὼν φιλάνθροπος εἰς ὀργὴν δικαίαν μεταβεβλη [82] μένος. διόπερ ἔτι καὶ νῦν διαμαρτύρομε εἵνα Ἀλεξανδρεῖς μὲν [83] πραέως καὶ φιλανθρόπως προσφέροντε Ἰουδαίο<ι>ς τοῖς [84] τὴν αὐτὴν πόλειν ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων οἰκοῦσει Col. V [85] καὶ μηδὲν τῶν πρὸς θρησκείαν αὐτοῖς νενομισμένων [86] τοῦ θεοῦ λοιμένωνται, ἀλλὰ ἐῶσιν αὐτοὺς τοῖς ἔθεσιν [87] χρῆσθαι ὗς καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ θεοῦ Σεβαστοῦ, ἅπερ καὶ ἐγὼι [88] διακούσας ἀμφοτέρων ἐβεβαίωσα. καὶ Ἰουδέοις δὲ [89] ἄντικρυς κελεύωι μηδὲν πλήωι ὧν πρότερον [90] ἔσχον περιεργάζεσθαι μηδὲ ὥσπερ ἐν δυσεὶ πόλεσιν κα [91] τοικοῦντας δύο πρεσβείας ἐκπέμπειν τοῦ λοιποῦ, [92] ὣ μὴ πρότερόν ποτε ἐπράκθη, μηδὲ ἐπισπαί̣ε̣ιν [93] γυμνασιαρχικοῖς ἢ κοσμητικοῖς ἀγῶσει, [94] καρπουμένους μὲν τὰ οἰκῖα ἀπολά<υ>οντας δὲ [95] ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ πόλει περιουσίας ἁπθόνων ἀγαθῶν, [96] μηδὲ ἐπάγεσθαι ἢ προσείεσθαι ἀπὸ Συρίας ἢ Αἰγύπ<τ>ου [97] καταπλέοντας Ἰουδαίους, ἐξ οὗ μείζονας ὑπονοίας [98] ἀνανκασθήσομε λαμβάνειν. εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα [99] τρόπον αὐτοὺς ἐπεξελεύσομαι καθάπερ κοινήν [100] τεινα τῆς οἰκουμένης νόσον ἐξεγείροντας. ἐὰν [101] τούτων ἀποστάντες ἀμφότεροι μετὰ πρα̣ότητος [102] καὶ φιλανθροπείας τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ζῆν ἐθελήσετε [103] καὶ ἐγὼι πρόνοιαν τῆς πόλεως ποήσομαι τὴν ἀνατάτωι [104] καθάπερ ἐκ προγόνων οἰκίας ὑμῖν ὑπαρχούσης. [105] Βαρβίλλωι τῶι ἐμῶι ἑτέρωι μαρτυρῶι ἀεὶ πρόνοια[ν] [106] ἡμῶν παρʼ ἐμοὶ ποιουμένωι, ὃς καὶ νῦν πάσηι φιλο [107] τειμείᾳ περὶ των ἀγο͂να τὸν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κέχρ[ητε], [108] καὶ Τιβερίωι Κλαυδίωι Ἀρχιβίωι τῶι ἐμῶι ἑτέ[ρωι]. ἔρρωσθαι. |
| TRANSLATION Oliver 1989, 81-83. Proclamation of Lucius Aemilius Rectus. Since, because of its number, not all the populace was able to be present at the reading of the most sacred letter which is so beneficent to the city, I have thought it necessary to publish the letter so that each one of you may read it and wonder at the greatness of our god Caesar and be thankful for his goodwill towards the city. In second year of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus the Emperor, on the 14th day of the month Neos Sebastos. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus the Emperor, pontifex maximus, holder of the tribunician power, consul designate, to the city of Alexandria, greeting. Tib. Claudius Barbillus, Apollonius son of Artemidorus, Chairemon son of Leonidas, M. Julius Asclepiades, C. Julius Dionysius, Tib. Claudius Phanias, Pasion son of Potamon, Dionysius son of Sabbion, Tib. Claudius Archibius, Apollonius son of Ariston, C. Julius Apollonius, Hermaiscus son of Apollonius, your ambassadors, presented me with the decree and spoke at length about the city, bringing to me little by little a strong leaning toward that goodwill for you, the affection which, you well know, had for many years been stored up in my heart and on which you could still count, for you are by disposition loyal to the Augusti, as I know from many instances, and particularly from your devotion to my own family, which has been returned. Of this, to pass over other instances and mention the latest, the best witness in my brother, Germanicus Caesar, who addressed you in rather heartwarming terms. For this reason I have gladly received the honors you have given me, although I have no great taste for such things. Firstly then, I allow you to keep my birthday as a sacred day as you have requested, and I permit you to erect in their several places the statues of me and my family; for I see that you are anxious to establish on all sides memorials of your reverence to my family. Of the two golden statues, the one of Pax Augusta Claudiana, which I was inclined to refuse, since it seemed rather excessive, shall be set up at Rome, as my most honoured Barbillus suggested and entreated, and the other shall be carried in processions on name-days in your city in the manner you think best, and a throne shall be carried with it, according to your request. It would perhaps be absurd for me to allow such great honors and to refuse the creation of Claudian tribe and the declination of groves after the Egyptian custom, and I therefore allow these too. If you wish, you may also erect the equestrian statues of Vitrasius Pollio my procurator. I allow you also to set up the four-horse chariots which you wish to set up at the entrances to your country, at the place called Taposiris in Libya, at Pharos of Alexandria, and a third at Pelousian in Egypt. But the establishment of a high-priest and temples of myself I decline, not whishing to be offensive to my contemporaries and in the belief that temples and the like have been set apart in all ages for the gods alone. About the request which you have made from me, my decision is this. To all those who have been registered as ephebes up to the time of my principate I guarantee and confirm their Alexandrian citizenship with all the privileges and benefits enjoyed by the city, with the exception of any who, though born of slaveparents, have made their way into your ephebate, and it is also my will that all privileges which were grated to you by emperors, kings, and prefects before my time shall be confirmed, in the same way that the god Augustus confirmed them. It is also my will that the neokorio of the temple of the god Augustus in Alexandria should be chosen by lot in the same way as those of the god Augustus in Canopus. In proposing that the offices be trieteric, you seem to me to have decided wisely, for your magistrates will behave more moderately during their term of office for fear of being called to account for abuses of power. About the Council, what your custom was under the emperors before me, you are well aware. Since this is a new matter now laid before me for the first time and it is uncertain whether it will profit the city and my affairs, I have written to Aemilius Rectus to examine the question and report to me whether the Council should be established, and, if it should, what form it should take. With regard to the responsibility for the disturbances and rioting, or rather, to speak the truth, the war, against the Jews, although your ambassadors, particularly Dionysius son of Theon, in a spirited confrontation made many efforts in your behalf, I have not wished to make an exact inquiry, but I harbour within me a store of immutable indignation against those who renewed the conflict. I merely say that, unless you [immediately] stop this destructive and obstinate mutual enmity, I shall be forced to show what a benevolent ruler can be when he is turned to righteous indignation. Even now, therefore, I conjure the Alexandrians to behave gently and kindly toward the Jews who have inhabited the same city for many years, and not to dishonour any of their customs in their worship of their god, but to allow them to keep their own ways, as they did in the time of the divine Augustus and as I too, having heard both sides, have confirmed. The Jews, on the other hand, I order not to aim at more than they have previously had and not in future to send two embassies as if they lived in two cities, a thing which has never been done before, and not to intrude themselves into the games presided over by the gymnasiarchoi and the kosmetai, since they enjoy what is their own, and in a city which is not their own they possess an abundance of all good things. Nor are they to bring in or invite Jews coming from Syria or Egypt, or I shall be forced to conceive graver suspicions. If they disobey, I shall proceed against them in every way as fomenting a common plague for the whole world. If you both give up your present ways and are willing to live in gentleness and kindness with one another, I for my part will care for the city as much as I can, as one which has long been closely connected with us. Barbillus my friend, as I can witness, has always been your champion with me and has now conducted your case with the greatest zeal, and the same is true of my friend Tiberius Claudius Archibius. Farewell. |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY Braund, D. (1985). Augustus to Nero: A Sourcebook on Roman History, 31 BC-AD 68. London–Sidney: Croom Helm, 201-204, no. 571. Burnet, R. (2003). L’Égypte ancienne a travers les papyrus. Vie quotidienne. Paris: Pygmalion Editions, 71-75, no. 20. Charlesworth, M. P. (1939). “The Refusal of Divine Honours: An Augustan Formula”. Papers of the British School at Rome 15: 1-10. Hunt, A. S. and Edgar, C. C. (1963). Selected papyri: In five volumes. 2. Non-literary papyri. Public documents. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 78-88. Idris Bell, H. (1924). Jews and Christians in Egypt. The Jewish Troubles in Alexandria and the Athanasian Controversy. London: British Museum, 23-27. Jones, C. P. (2019). “Roman emperors and the acceptance of divine honors”. In: J.-L. Ferrary, A. Heller, C. Müller and A. Suspène, ed., Philorhômaios Kai Philhellèn Hommage à Jean-Louis Ferray. Genève: Librairie Droz, 467–480. Levick, B. (1985). The government of the Roman Empire: A sourcebook. London: Croom Helm, 134-137, no. 124. Lewis, N. and Reinhold, M. (1966). Roman Civilization. The Sourcebook II: The Empire. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 366-369. Moscadi, A. (1975). “Note a PLond. 1912”. Studi Italiani di Filologia Classica 47: 236-250. Oliver, J. H. (1989). Greek Constitutions of Early Roman Emperor from Inscriptions and Papyri. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 77-88, no. 19. Pestman, P. W. (1990). The new papyrological primer. Leiden: Brill, 105-109, no. 16. Rostovtzeff, M. (1926): “Pax Augusta Claudiana”. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 12(1): 24-29. Schubert, P. (2000). Vivre en Egypte gréco-romaine. Une sélection de papyrus. Vevey : Editions de l’Aire, 176-179. Stuart, M. (1938). The portraiture of Claudius. Menasha, Wisconsin : George Banta Publishing Company, 6-13. Tcherikover, V. and Fuks, A. (1960). Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 36, 39-42-43. White, J. L. (1986). Light from Ancient Letters. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, no. 88. |
Arsinoe II Philadelphus pompe
Arsinoe II Philadelphus pompe
| TITLE: |
| Arsinoe II Philadelphus’ pompe |
| DATE: |
| 316-270/260 BC |
| TEXT: |
| EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS: |
| KEYWORDS: |
| Word used to mean procession: |
| Word used to mean the cult images: |
| Gods or other entities named: |
| Description of the cult images: |
| Procession’s route: |
| Frequency with which the procession takes place: |
| Performers: |
| κανηεφόροι as eponym of priestesses, “dazu bestimmt, ihren Kult in einem griechischen Festzuge zu vertreten, d.h. jedenfalls in jenem von Philadephos zu Ehren seines Vaters gestifteten Agon, der dann in ein Alexanderfest umgestaltet worden ist, bei dem auch die apotheosiert Ptolemaier besonders geehrt worden sind” (Otto 1908, vol. 2, p. 267). In the same vein, we also find: ἀθλοφόροι στεφανηφόροι πυροφόροι |
| References to the public attending the procession: |
| Rites related to the procession: |
| Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence: |
| Other remarkable elements: |
| Arsinoe II was a Ptolemaic queen (Queen of Thrace, Anatolia, and Macedonia by marriage to King Lysimachus) and co-regent of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of ancient Egypt (she became co-ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom upon her marriage to her brother, Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus). She was given the Egyptian title “King of Upper and Lower Egypt”, making her pharaoh as well. |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY: |
| BÖMMER (1952), RE: s.v. Pompa. Herrscher, Vol. XXI.2, p. 1965, n.275. OTTO, W. VON (1908): Priester und Tempel im Hellenistischen Ägypten. 2 vols., B. G. Teubner, Leipzig / Berlin |