| TITLE Mytilene honours the emperor Augustus |
| DATE Between 27 BCE –the princeps is called Augustus– and 11 BCE –the year of the death of his sister, Octavia the Younger, who is mentioned in the text. See: Rowe 2002, 134; Abascal 2014, 83; but also: Macmullen 2000, 15; Kajava 2008, 119; Chelotti 2011; Jones 2015, 105. |
| TEXT IG XII, 2, 58; IGRR IV, 39; OGIS 456; SEG 65, 669; and Labarre 1996, no. 21. See also: SEG 35, 907. The Packard Humanities Institute. [a.1] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —ν δὲ κα- [2] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —δας ἱερὰ [3] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —εσθαι ἐν τε- [4] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — γραψόντων εἰς α- [5] [— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — τὸν ὑμν]ηθέντα ὕμνον ὑπὸ [6] [— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ἐ]ν ταῖς γινομέναις θέαις [7] [— — — — — — — — — τιθέναι δὲ κατὰ πενταετηρ]ίδα ἀγῶνας θυμελικοὺς [8] [— — — — — — — — — — — — — — τοῖς νικήσ]ασιν ἆθλα ὅσα ὁ Διακὸς νόμος πε- [9] [ριέχει — — — τοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν στεφ]άνων(?) καὶ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως καὶ τοῦ στεφανη- [10] [φόρου — — — — — — — πέμψαι δὲ — — —]ς καταγγελεῖς τῶν πρώτων ἀ<χθ>ησο- [11] [μένων ἀγώνων — — — ταῖς ἐπισ]ημοτάταις πόλεσιν. ἀναθεῖναι δὲ δέλτου[ς] [12] [ἢ στήλας τοῦδε τοῦ ψηφίσματος ἐχούσας τὸ ἀντίγραφον ἐν τῶ ναῶ τῶ κατασ]κευαζομένω αὐτῶ ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀσίας ἐν Περγάμω κα[ὶ] [13] [— — — καὶ Μυτιλήνη — — —]ω καὶ Ἀκτίω καὶ Βρεντεσίω καὶ Ταρραχῶνι καὶ Μα[σ]- [14] [σαλία καὶ — — — — καὶ Ἀν]τιοχήα τῆ πρὸς τῆ Δάφνη. τὰς δὲ κατ’ ἐνιαυτὸν [15] [θυσίας — — — ἐν τῶ ναῶ τοῦ Διὸ]ς καὶ ἐν τῶ τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ. ὅρκον δὲ εἶναι τῶν δι- [16] [καζόντων καὶ τῶν — — — ὀμνυ]ομένων σὺν τοῖς πατρίοις θεοῖς καὶ τὸν Σεβασ- [17] [τόν. — — — ἐν τῶ ναῶ τοῦ Διὸς καὶ ἐν τῶ τῆς Ἀφροδί]της τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ θεοῦ. τὰς δὲ τῶν γανων {²sic}² [18] — — — — — — — — — — — — — τεμένους εἶναι καὶ τἆλλα δίκαια καὶ τίμι[α] [19] [— — — — — — — — — — — κ]ατὰ δύναμιν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ. ἱερῶν δὲ ἐπὶ <τ>ράπε- [20] [ζαν — — — — — — — — — κατ]ὰ μῆνα ἐν τῆ γενεθλίω αὐτοῦ ἡμέρα καὶ π[α]- [21] [ρατιθέναι — — — — — τῶν] αὐτῶν θυσιῶν ὡς καὶ τῶ Διῒ παρίσταται. τρέ- [22] [φεσθαι δὲ τὰ ἱερεῖα — — — βόας — — —]ς ἐφελιωμένους {²sic}² ὡς καλλίστους καὶ με[τὰ] [23] [— — — μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν κατ’ ἐνια]υτὸν στρατηγ<ῶ>ν, δύο δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν [ἐπ]ι[σ]- [24] [τατῶν(?) — — — — — —] δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγορανόμων, τρία δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως [25] [— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — τοῦ] δημοσίου δραχμὰς ἑκάστω τετρα- [26] [κοσίας — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — δ]είκνυσθαι δὲ τοὺς τραφέντας [27] [— — — — — — — — — — τά τεθυσόμενα ἐν τ]οῖς ἀγῶσιν τρέφεσθαι τὸν ἴσο[ν] [28] [χρόνον — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —] τὴν γενέθλιον ἡμέραν αὐτο[ῦ] [29] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — μηδενὶ διδομένου [30] [— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — τῶ σ]τεφανηφόρω καὶ τ[ῶ] [31] [— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — καθ’] ἕκαστον ἔτος ἐν [32] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —αι τίθεσθαι ἐπ[ὶ] [33] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —ενα— — — {²vac.?} ² [b.1] εὐεργεσιῶν νομισ․․․․․․ εὐχα- [2] ριστίαν. ἐπιλογίσασθαι δὲ τῆς [3] οἰκείας μεγαλοφροσύνης ὅτ[ι] [4] τοῖς οὐρανίου τετε[υ]χόσι δό- [5] ξης καὶ θεῶν ὑπεροχὴν καὶ [6] κράτος ἔχουσιν οὐδέποτε δύ- [7] ναται συνεξισωθῆναι τὰ καὶ [8] τῆ τύχη ταπινότερα καὶ τῆ φύ- [9] σει. εἰ δέ τι τούτων ἐπικυδέσ- [10] τερον τοῖς μετέπειτα χρό- [11] νοις εὑρεθήσεται, πρὸς μη[δὲ]- [12] [ν] τῶν θεοποιεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ [πλέ]- [13] ον δυνησομένων ἐλλείψει[ν] [14] τὴν τῆς πόλεως προθυμίαν [15] καὶ εὐσέβειαν. παρακαλεῖν [16] δὲ αὐτὸν συγχωρῆσαι ἐν τῆ [οἰ]- [17] κία αὐτοῦ δέλτον ἀναθεῖνα[ι] [18] καὶ ἐν τῶ Καπετωλίω δέ[λτον] [19] ἢ στήλην τοῦδε τοῦ ψηφ[ίσμα]- [20] τος ἔχουσαν τὸ ἀντίγραφ[ον]. [21] εὐχαριστῆσαι δὲ περὶ αὐτο[ῦ] [22] τοὺς πρέσβεις τῆ τε συγ[κλή]- [23] τω καὶ ταῖς ἱερήαις τῆς Ἑσ[τί]- [24] ας καὶ Ἰουλία {²⁶Λιουία}²⁶ τῆ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ [25] καὶ Ὀκταΐα τῆ ἀδελφῆ καὶ τοῖς [26] τέκνοις καὶ συγγενέσι καὶ φί- [27] λοις. πεμφθῆναι δὲ καὶ στέφα- [28] νον ἀπὸ χρυσῶν δισχιλίων, ὃν [29] καὶ ἀναδοθῆναι ὑπὸ τῶν πρέσ- [30] βεων. εὐχαριστῆσαι δὲ ἐπ’ αὐ- [31] τοῦ καὶ τῆ συγκλήτω τοὺς πρέσ- [32] βεις προσενηνεγμένης αὐτῆς [33] τῆ πόλει συμπαθέστατα καὶ [34] τῆς πατρίου χρηστότητος [35] οἰκείως. |
| TRANSLATION: Rowe 2002, 133-134. fr. i 4 . . . having written in / . . . of the hymn by / . . . among the existing spectacles / . . . theatrical contests / 8 . . . as many prizes as the law pertaining to Zeus / . . . and of the high priest and of the stephane- / [phoros . . . ] heralds of the first [contests] that will be / [held . . . ] to the most famous cities, to put up plaques / 12 [ . . . in the temple?] being put up to him by Asia in Pergamum and / . . . and Actium and Brundisium and Tarraco and Ma[s/salia . . . ] and Antioch near Daphne. The annual / [sacrifices . . . ] and in the temple of Sebastos. That there is to be an oath of the /16 [judges . . .] with the ancestral gods, and Sebastos / . . . the image of the god. That those of the / . . . of the shrine or precinct and the other rights and privileges / . . . according to his own ability. That on the table of the offerings /20 . . . each month on his birthday and / . . . of the same sacrifices, as is offered also to Zeus. That are / [to be reared bulls? . . . ] mottled[?] as beautiful and large as possible / [ . . . by the annual] generals, two by the epi / 24 [statai by the . . . ] agoranomoi, three by the high priest / . . . four [hundred] drachmai to each from the public treasury / . . . That the reared are to be displayed / [ . . . in] the contests to be reared the same / 28 [time . . .] his birthday / . . . giving to no one / . . . the stephanephoros and / . . . each year / 32 . . . to be placed on fr. ii 34 for benefactions . . . return. That it is a characteristic of his customary greatness of mind to take into account that things that are by fortune and by nature humbler can never be made equal to those that attain a heavenly reputation and possess the authority and power of gods. But if anything more glorious than these is discovered in later times, the zeal and the piety of the city shall fail in none of the things that can deify him all the more. 48 That the envoys call on him to allow a plaque to be put up in his home and, in the Capitolium, a plaque or a stele bearing a copy of this decree. That the envoys offer thanks concerning him to the Senate and the vestal virgins and his wife, Julia [sic], and his sister, Octavia, and his children and relatives and friends. 60 That a crown be sent of two thousand gold pieces, which should be presented by the envoys. That the envoys properly in his presence offer thanks to the Senate for having conducted itself most sympathetically toward the city and for its traditional kindness. |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY Abascal, J. M. (2014). “El Decreto de Mytilene y Tarraco. Una nota”. Studia Historica. Historia Antigua 32: 77-89. 83. Bömmer (1952), RE: s.v. Pompa. Herrscher, Vol. XXI. 2, 1966, n. 280. Buraselis, K. (2017). “On the rhetoric of Imperial Majesty. Elements of the Ideological Interaction between Emperor and Imperial Society on the Basis of Civic Decrees, Imperial Pronouncements and Literary Testimonies in the Greek East”. In: A. Heller and O. M. van Nijf, eds., The Politics of Honour in the Greek Cities of the Roman Empire. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 386-396. Chelotti, M. (2011). “Brindisi e Augusto”. In: S. Cagnazzi, M. Chelotti, A. Favuzzi, F. Ferrandini Troisi, D. P. Orsi, M. Silvestrini and E. Todisco, eds., Scritti di Storia per Mario Pani. Bari: Edipuglia, 101–109. Jones, C. P. (2015). “The Earthquake of 26 BCE in Decrees of Mytilene and Chios”. Chiron 45: 101–122. Kajava, M. (2008). “Alcune note sulle Deltoi, capitoline e altre”. In: M. L. Caldelli, G. L. Gregori and S. Orlandi, eds., Epigrafia 2006. Atti della XIVe Rencontre sur l’Epigraphie in Onore di Silvio Panciera con Altri Contributi di Colleghi, Allievi e Collaboratori. Roma: Quasar, 115–120. 119. Labarre, G. (1996). Les Cités de Lesbos aux Époques Hellénistique et Impériale. Paris: Institut d’Archéologie et d’Histoire de l’Antiquité, no. 21. Macmullen, R. (2000). Romanization in the Time of Augustus. New Haven – London: Yale University Press, 15. Rowe, G. (2002). Princes and Political Cultures. The New Tiberian Senatorial Decree. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 133-135. |
Tag
Augustus
Augustus’ funeral pompe
| TITLE Augustus’ funeral pompe |
| DATE 14 CE |
| TEXT Fisher 1906 (Tac. Ann. 1.8). Nihil primo senatus die agi passus est nisi de supre- mis Augusti, cuius testamentum inlatum per virgines Vestae Tiberium et Liviam heredes habuit. Livia in familiam Iuliam nomenque Augustum adsumebatur; in spem secundam nepotes pronepotesque, tertio gradu primores civitatis scripserat, plerosque invisos sibi sed iactantia gloriaque ad posteros. legata non ultra civilem modum, nisi quod populo et plebi quadringenties tricies quinquies, praetoriarum cohortium militibus singula nummum milia, urbanis quingenos, legionariis aut cohortibus civium Romanorum trecenos nummos viritim dedit. tum consultatum de honoribus; ex quis qui maxime insignes visi, ut porta triumphali duceretur funus Gallus Asinius, ut legum latarum tituli, victarum ab eo gentium vocabula anteferrentur L. Arruntius censuere. addebat Messala Valerius renovandum per annos sacramentum in nomen Tiberii; interrogatusque a Tiberio num se mandante eam sententiam prompsisset, sponte dixisse respondit, neque in iis quae ad rem publicam pertinerent consilio nisi suo usurum vel cum periculo offensionis: ea sola species adulandi supererat. conclamant patres corpus ad rogum umeris senatorum ferendum. remisit Caesar adroganti moderatione, populumque edicto monuit ne, ut quondam nimiis studiis funus divi Iulii turbassent, ita Augustum in foro potius quam in campo Martis, sede destinata, cremari vellent. die funeris milites velut praesidio stetere, multum inridentibus qui ipsi viderant quique a parentibus acceperant diem illum crudi adhuc servitii et libertatis inprospere repetitae, cum occisus dictator Caesar aliis pessimum aliis pulcherrimum facinus videretur: nunc senem principem, longa potentia, provisis etiam heredum in rem publicam opibus, auxilio scilicet militari tuendum, ut sepultura eius quieta foret. Rolfe 1979 (Suet. Aug. 100). Obiit in cubiculo eodem, quo pater Octavius, duobus Sextis, Pompeio et Appuleio, cons. XIIII. Kal. Septemb. hora diei nona, septuagesimo et sexto aetatisanno, diebus V et XXX minus. Corpus decuriones municipiorum et coloniarum a Nola Bovillas usque deportarunt noctibus propter anni tempus, cum interdiu in basilica cuiusque oppidi vel in aedium sacrarum maxima reponeretur. A Bovillis equester ordo suscepit urbique intulit atque in vestibulo domus conlocavit. Senatus et in funere ornando et in memoria honoranda eo studio certatim progressus est, ut inter alia complura censuerint quidam, funus triumphali porta ducendum, praecedente Victoria quae est in curia, canentibus neniam principum liberis utriusque sexus; alii, exsequiarum die ponendos anulos aureos ferreosque sumendos; nonnulli, ossa legenda per sacerdotes summorum collegiorum. Fuit et qui suaderet, appellationem mensis Augusti in Septembrem transferendam, quod hoc genitus Augustus, illo defunctus esset; alius, ut omne tempus a primo die natali ad exitum eius saeculum Augustum appellaretur et ita in fastos referretur. Verum adhibito honoribus modo bifariam laudatus est: pro aede Divi luli a Tiberio et pro rostris veteribus a Druso Tiberi filio, ac senatorum umeris delatus in Campum crematusque. Nec defuit vir praetorius, qui se effigiem cremati euntem in caelum vidisse iuraret. Reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis tunicati et discincti pedibusque nudis ac Mausoleo condiderunt. Id opus inter Flaminiam viam ripamque Tiberis sexto suo consulatu exstruxerat circumiectasque silvas et ambulationes in usum populi iam tum publicarat. |
| TRANSLATION Woodman 2004 (Tac. Ann. 1.8). Nothing did he allow to be discussed on the first day of the senate except the last rites of Augustus, whose will, brought in by Vesta’s Virgins, had Tiberius and Livia as his heirs; Livia was enlisted in the Julian family and the Augustan name. For secondary bequests he had written down his grandsons and great-grandsons, and in the third rank leaders of the community—most of them the objects of his resentment, but for vaunting and glory among posterity. His legacies did not go beyond the limits of an ordinary citizen, except that he gave 43,500,000 sesterces to the people and plebs, individual donations of a thousand to the soldiers of the praetorian cohorts, and three hundred a man to the legionaries and the cohorts consisting of Roman citizens. Next there was a debate about his honors, of which Gallus Asinius and L. Arruntius proposed those seen as particularly distinctive, respectively that the funeral should be led through the triumphal gate and that at its head should be carried the titles of his legislation and the designations of the races conquered by him. Messala Valerius added that the oath in Tiberius’ name should be renewed annually; and, when asked by Tiberius whether it was on his instruction that he had produced such a suggestion, he responded that he had spoken spontaneously and that in matters which pertained to the state he would resort to no one’s counsel but his own, even at the risk of offense. (That was the only display of sycophancy left to be tried.) The fathers shouted unanimously that the body should be carried to the pyre on the shoulders of senators; but Caesar relieved them with arrogant restraint and warned the people by edict that, whereas they had once disrupted the funeral of Divine Julius by their excessive enthusiasm, they should not prefer Augustus to be cremated in the forum rather than the Plain of Mars, his appointed resting-place. On the day of the funeral soldiers stood as if forming a garrison, much to the derision of those who had seen personally or who had heard from their parents about that day of still undigested servitude and of freedom served up again unsuccessfully, when the slaughter of the dictator Caesar seemed to some the worst of acts, to others the finest. Now, they said, an elderly princeps, despite the longevity of his power, and having even provided the state with resources in the form of heirs, would evidently require protecting by military assistance to ensure that his burial was peaceful! Rolfe 1979 (Suet. Aug. 100). He died in the same room as his father Octavius, in the consulship of two Sextuses, Pompeius and Appuleius on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of September at the ninth hour just thirty-five days before his seventy-sixth birthday. His body was carried by the senators of the municipalities and colonies from Nola all the way to Bovillae in the night time because of the season of the year, being placed by day in the basilica of the town at which they arrived or in its principal temple. At Bovillae the members of the equestrian order met it and bore it to the city, where they placed it in the vestibule of his house. In their desire to give him a splendid funeral and honour his memory the senators so vied with one another that among many other suggestions some proposed that his cortege pass through the triumphal gate, preceded by the statue of Victory which stands in the House, while a dirge was sung by children of both sexes belonging to the leading families; others, that on the day of the obsequies golden rings be laid aside and iron ones worn; and some, that his ashes be collected by the priests of the highest colleges. One man proposed that the name of the month of August be transferred to September, because Augustus was born in the latter, but died in the former; another, that all the period from the day of his birth until his demise be called the Augustan Age, and so entered in the Calendar. But though a limit was set to the honours paid him, his eulogy was twice delivered: before the temple of the Deified Julius by Tiberius, and from the old rostra by Drusus, son of Tiberius; and he was carried on the shoulders of senators to the Campus Martins and there cremated. There was even an ex-praetor who took oath that he had seen the form of the Emperor, after he had been reduced to ashes on its way to heaven. His remains were gathered up by the leading men of the equestrian order, bare-footed and in ungirt tunics, and placed in the Mausoleum. This structure he had built in his sixth consulship between the Via Flaminia and the bank of the Tiber, and at the same time opened to the public the groves and walks by which it was surrounded. |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY Bömmer (1952), RE: s.v. Pompa. Herrscher, Vol. XXI.2, p. 1972, n. 339. Davies, P. J. E. (2000). Death and the emperor: Roman imperial funerary monuments, from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fisher, C. D., ed., (1906). Cornelii Taciti. Annalivm Ab Excessv Divi Avgvsti Libri. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hurlet, F. (2014). “Devenir un dieu. La mort d’Auguste et la naissance de la monarchie impériale”. Studia historica. Historia antigua 32: 61-75. Rolfe, J. C., trans., (1979). Suetonius. Volume I. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Rowell, H. T. (1940). “The Forum and Funeral ‘Imagines’ of Augustus”. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 17: 131–143. Woodman, A. J., trans., (2004). Tacitus. The Annals. Indianapolis –Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. |
Kaisareia of Gytheion
| TITLE Kaisareia of Gytheion |
| DATE 15 CE |
| TEXT SEG 11, 923 (see also SEG 11, 922). Edition of Oliver 1989, no. 15. [1] [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] ἐπ̣ι̣τ̣ι̣θέτω [- – – – – – – -] [2] [ἐπὶ μὲν τὴν πρώτην θεοῦ Σεβαστοῦ Καίσ]α̣ρος τοῦ πατρός, ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν ἐκ̣ δ[ε]ξ̣ιῶ̣[ν] [3] [δευτέραν Ἰουλίας τῆς Σεβα]στῆς, ἐ̣π̣ὶ̣ δὲ τὴν τρίτην Αὐτοκράτορος Τιβερίου Κα[ίσα]- [4] [ρος τ]οῦ Σεβαστοῦ, τ̣[ὰ]ς̣ εἰκόνας παρεχούσης αὐτῷ τῆς πόλεως. Προτιθέσ[θω] [5] [δὲ κ]αὶ τράπεζα ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ θεάτρῳ καὶ θυμιατήριον ἐπικείσθω κα[ὶ] [6] [ἐπι]θυέτωσαν πρὶν εἰσιέναι τὰ ἀκροάματα ὑπὲρ τῇς τῶν ἡγεμόνων σωτηρία[ς] [7] οἵ τε σύνεδροι καὶ αἱ συναρχίαι πᾶσαι. Ἀγέτω δὲ τὴν μὲν πρώτην ἡμέραν θεοῦ Καίσ[α]- [8] ρος θεοῦ υἱοῦ Σεβαστοῦ Σωτῆρος Ἐλευθερίου, τὴν δὲ δευτέραν Αὐτοκράτορος [Τι]- [9] βερίου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ καὶ πατρὸς τῆς πατρίδος, τὴν δὲ τρίτην Ἰουλίας Σεβαστῆ[ς] [10] τῆς τοῦ ἔθνους καὶ πόλεως ἡμῶν Τύχης, τὴν δὲ τετάρτην Γερμανικοῦ Καίσαρος τῆς Ν[ί]- [11] κ̣η̣ς, τὴν δὲ πέμπτην Δρούσου Καίσαρος τῆς Ἀφροδείτης, τὴν δὲ ἕκτην Τίτου Κοϊνκτίο[υ] [12] Φ̣λαμενίνου καὶ ἐπιμελείσθω τῆς τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων εὐκοσμίας. Φερέ{ρε}τω δὲ καὶ πά̣- [13] σ̣ης τῆς μισθώσεως τῶν ἀκροαμάτων <καὶ> τῆς διοικήσεως τῶν ἱερῶν χρημάτων τὸν λόγον τῇ πόλ[ει] [14] μετὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα τῇ πρώτῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ· κἂν εὑρεθῇ νενοσφισμένος ἢ ψευδῶς λογογραφῶν ἐξελε[γ]- [15] χθείς, μηκέτι μηδεμίαν ἀρχὴν ἀρξάτω καὶ ἡ οὐσία αὐτοῦ δημευέσθω. Ὧν δ’ ἄν ποτε δημευθῇ τὰ ὄντα, [16] ταῦτα <τὰ> χρήματα ἱερὰ ἔστω καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν προσκοσμήματα ὑπὸ τῶν κατ’ ἔτος ἀρχόντων κατασκε[υ]- [17] αζέσθω. Ἐξέστω δὲ τῷ βουλομένῳ Γυθεατῶν παντὶ περὶ τῶν ἱερῶν ἐκδικεῖν χρημάτων ἀθῴῳ ὄ̣[ν]- [18] τι. ᵛ Ἐπεισαγέτω δὲ ὁ ἀ̣γ̣ο̣ρ̣αׅνόμος μετὰ τὸ τὰς τῶν θεῶν καὶ ἡγεμόνων ἡμέρας τελέσαι τῶν θυ- [19] μελικῶν ἀγώνων ἄλ̣λα[ς δύ]ο̣ ἡμέρας τὰ ἀκροάματα, μίαν μὲν εἰς μνήμην Γαΐου Ἰουλίου Εὐρυκλέου[ς] [20] εὐεργέτου τοῦ ἔθνου̣ς καὶ τῆς πόλεως ἡμῶν ἐν πολλοῖς γενομένου, δευτέραν δὲ εἰς τειμὴν Γα [21] ΐου Ἰουλίου Λάκωνος κηδεμόνος τῆς τοῦ ἔθνους καὶ τῆς πόλεως ἡμῶν φυλακῆς καὶ σωτηρία[ς] [22] ὄντος. Ἀγέτω δὲ τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἀπὸ τῆς θεοῦ ἐν αἷς ἂν ᾖ δυνατὸν ἡμέραις αὐτῶι · ὅταν δὲ τῆς ἀρχῆς̣ [23] ἐξίῃ, παραδιδότω τῷ ἀντιτυνχάνοντι ἀγορανόμωι διὰ γραφῆς δημοσίας τὰ εἰς τοὺς ἀγῶνας χρη[στή]- [24] ρ̣ια πάντα καὶ λαμβανέτω{ι} χειρόγραφον παρὰ τοῦ παραλαβόντος ἡ πόλις. Ὅταν ὁ ἀγορανόμος τοὺ[ς] [25] [ἀγῶ]νας ἄγῃ τοὺς θυμελικούς, πομπὴν στελλέτω ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ τῆς Ὑγιεία[ς], [26] πομπευόντων τῶν τε ἐφήβων καὶ τῶν νέων πάντων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πολειτῶν ἐστεμμένων δάφν[ης] [27] στεφάνοις καὶ λευκὰ ἀμπεχομέν<ω>ν. Συμπομπευέτωσαν δὲ καὶ αἱ ἱεραὶ κόραι καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ἐν [28] [τ]αῖς ἱεραῖς ἐσθῆσιν. Ὅταν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ Καισάρηον ἡ πομπὴ παραγένηται, θυέτωσαν οἱ ἔφοροι ταῦ- [29] [ρ]ο̣ν ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν ἡγεμόνων καὶ θεῶν σωτηρίας καὶ ἀῖδίου τῆς ἡγεμονίας αὐτῶν διαμονῆς κα[ὶ] [30] [θ]ύσαντες ἐπανανκασάτωσαν τά τε φιδείτια καὶ τὰς συναρχίας ἐν ἀγορᾷ θυσιάσαι. Εἰ δὲ ἢ μὴ τε- [31] [λ]έσουσιν τὴν πομπὴν ἢ μὴ θύσουσιν ἢ θύσαντες μὴ ἐπανανκάσουσι θυσιάζειν ἐν ἀγορᾷ τὰ [32] [φ]ιδείτια καὶ τὰς συναρχίας, ἐκτεισάτωσαν ἱερὰς τοῖς θεοῖς δραχμὰς δισχιλίας. Ἐξέστω δὲ τῶι [33] βουλομένῳ Γυθεατῶν κατηγορεῖν αὐτῶν. ᵛ Οἱ ἔφοροι οἱ ἐπὶ Χαίρωνος στρατηγοῦ καὶ ἱερέως θε- [34] οῦ Σεβαστοῦ Καίσαρος οἱ περὶ Τερέντιον Βιάδαν ἐγδότωσαν τρεῖς γραπτὰς εἰκόνας τοῦ θε- [35] οῦ Σεβαστοῦ καὶ Ἰουλίας τῆς Σεβαστῆς καὶ Τιβερίου Καίσαρος τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ καὶ τὰ διὰ θέατρον [36] ἴκρια τῷ χορῷ καὶ θύρας μιμικὰς τέσσερας καὶ τῇ συνφωνίᾳ ὑποπόδια. Στησάτωσαν δὲ καὶ στή- [37] λην̣ λιθίνην χαράξαντες εἰς αὐτὴν τὸν ἱερὸν νόμον καὶ εἰς τὰ δημόσια δὲ γραμματοφυλάκια θέτω- [38] σαν ἀ̣ν̣τ̣ί̣γ̣ραφον τοῦ ἱεροῦ νόμου, ἵνα καὶ ἐν δημοσίωι καὶ ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ καὶ πᾶσιν ἐν φανερῷ κείμενος ὁ νό- [39] μος [διηνε]κ̣ῆ τὴν τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Γυθεατῶν εὐχαριστίαν εἰς {σ} τοὺς ἡγεμόνας παρέχῃ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώ- [40] ποι̣ς̣. Εἰ δὲ ἢ μὴ ἐνχαράξουσι τοῦτον τὸν νόμον, ἢ μὴ ἀναθήσουσιν τὴν στήλην πρὸ τοῦ ναοῦ ἢ μὴ γρά- [41] [ψουσι τὸ ἀντίγραφον – -]. |
| TRANSLATION Calandra and Gorrini 2008, 3-4. …the agoranomos shall put on the first base [the image] of the divine Augustus Caesar the father, on the second to his right that of Julia Augusta, on the third that of Augustus Tiberius Caesar, the city furnishing him [to the magistrate] with the images. He shall also set a table in the middle of the theatre and a censer in front of it and [the agoranomos] shall allow that the synedria and all the public magistracies make sacrifices for the salvation of the rulers before the spectacles begin. [The agoranomos] will celebrate the first day in honour of the divine Caesar Augustus Saviour Liberator son of the god [Iulius], the second day in honour of the emperor and father of the country Tiberius Caesar Augustus, the third one in honour of Julia Augusta, Tyche of the people and of our city, the fourth day in honour of the Victory of Germanicus Caesar, the fifth day in honour of Aphrodite of Drusus Caesar, the sixth in honour of Titus Quintius Flamininus, and he shall ensure the good behaviour of the participants. In the first assembly after the festival [the agoranomos] shall present to the city the account of the whole payment of the performances and the financial administration of the sacred monies. If it will be found that he has speculated or if he will be accused of having kept the accounts in a fraudulent way, after having been proved guilty it will be enacted that he will be not able to hold in the future any office, and his patrimony will become of public ownership. The goods among those which have been made public, these goods will indeed be considered sacred and from these the archons in charge will provide to prepare further embellishments. It shall be permitted to whoever wants among the inhabitants of Gythium to bring a trial with no penalty about the employment of the sacred funds. The agoranomos, after the days of the theatrical performances in honour of the gods and the rulers have finished, shall hold for another two days theatrical spectacles, the first day in memory of C. Iulius Eurykles, who has been on many occasions a benefactor of the people and of our city, the second day in honour of C. Iulius Lakon, who is responsible for the security and the safety of the people and of our city. And he shall celebrate festivities in those days in which it will be possible for him after the day of the goddess. And, when he leaves office, he shall submit for public act to the agoranomos in charge all the things necessary for the spectacles and the city shall take a copy from him who receives them. When the agoranomos starts the theatrical festivities, let him set of a procession from the temple of Asclepius and Hygeia, being part of the procession the ephebes and all the young people and the other citizens crowned with laurel and dressed in white clothes. Also the sacred young girls and the women in the sacred dresses will take part in the procession. When the procession has reached the Caesaraeum, the ephors shall sacrifice a bull for the salvation of the rulers and the gods, and for the eternal endurance of their kingdom, and after having sacrificed they shall invite all the members of the phideitia and the public magistracies to sacrifice in the agora. If, instead, they shall not conclude the procession or they shall not sacrifice or, having sacrificed, they shall not force to sacrifice in the agora the members of the phideitia and the public magistracies, they shall pay two thousand drachmas to consecrate to the gods. It will be allowed to accuse them to whoever of the inhabitants of Gythium wants it. The ephors presided by Terentius Biadas at the time of Chairon strategus and priest of Caesar Augustus shall provide three painted images of the god Augustus and of Julia Augusta and of Augustus Tiberius Cesar, the provisional structures in the orchestra for the theatre and four stage doors and the stools for the musicians. They shall erect a stone stele after having written on it the sacred law and they shall deposit a copy of the sacred law in the public archives so that in public and under the sky and in a clear way the law will show the perpetual gratitude of the people of Gythion towards the rulers in front of all mankind. But, if they won’t engrave this law, or they won’t erect the stele in front of the temple or they won’t write the copy… |
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Decree of Messene in Honour of the Emperor Tiberius
| TITLE Decree of Messene in Honour of the Emperor Tiberius |
| DATE 14 CE |
| TEXT SEG 41, 328 (see also: SEG 39, 378 and SEG 42, 344). Edition of Kantiréa 2007, 206-207, no. 3 (Appendice IA). [1] Θεῶι Σεβαστῶι [Καίσαρι κ]αὶ Τιβερίωι Καίσ̣[αρι] [2] Σεβαστῶι, τ[οῦ γραμμ]ατέος συνέ[δρων] [3] καὶ ἱερέος [θεοῦ Σεβαστοῦ] Καίσαρος [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [4] [- – – – – – -] Ἀ̣ρ̣ι̣σ̣[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] vac. [5] [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [6] ἐνφάνισον δ[ὲ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [7] Διομέα ἱερέ[α – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [8] οτεία τὰν θ[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ἁμεῖν καὶ πᾶ]- [9] [σ]ιν ἀνθρώ[ποις] [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [10] [- – -]εις θε[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [11] [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] vac. [12] δυν[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [13] φυλάσσοντ[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – πᾶσι τοῖς τὰν πόλιν κα]- [14] τοικοῦντοις καὶ [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [15] ετι τελειότατα ἐκχο̣[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ἔμ] [16] πεδα πάντα τὰ προτει[νόμενα] [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [17] ὅταν ὁ μάντις κατεύχη[ται – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [18] καὶ Καίσαρα Σεβαστὸν ἐξισ̣[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [19] εἰσ{σ}φέρῃ τοὺς ἄρχοντας, ὀμν[ύειν δὲ] [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [20] ἐν ταῖς εἰσόδοις ἕκαστος ν̣[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – θεοῦ Σε-] [21] βαστοῦ Καίσαρος καὶ Τιβερίου Καίσαρο[ς Σεβαστοῦ καὶ τοῖς ἐκγόν]- [22] οις αὐτῶν · ἀμ[νοῖ]ς εὐωχείσθω ἐν τ[ῷ Σεβαστείῳ [- – – – – – – – – ἱερεὺς] [23] ὁ κατ᾽ ἔτος τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ δαδουχείτω [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [24] εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν παρέρπων καὶ πρῶτος ἐκ δεξιῶν σ[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [25] μονον ἁμεῖν καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις φωτίσαι [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [26] ναν τὸν Σεβαστόν, Τιβερίου δὲ Καίσαρος ἀπ̣[- – – – – καὶ τοὺς γεννήσαν]- [27] τας αὐτὸν καὶ ἀνιέντας αὐτῷ, τὸν αὐτὸν ν̣[· · ? · ·] [28] δὲ καὶ θεὰν Λειβίαν τὰν ματέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ γ[υναίκα θεοῦ Σεβαστοῦ Καίσαρος] [29] καὶ Ἀντωνίαν καὶ Λιβίλλαν, ἱερέα τρει[- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [30] εἰς τὸν ἑξῆς ἐνιαυτόν, ὥσπερ καὶ [- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – τοῦ Σεβα-] [31] στοῦ ἱερεὺ⟨ς⟩ καὶ δαδουχείτωσ̣α̣[ν – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -] [32] το ἐν ἁπάντοις, ὥσ[π]ερ̣ κ̣α̣ὶ̣ [- – – – -] ΔΑΙΡΟΣΑ [- – – – – -]ν δὲ κ[- – – -] [33] [- – – τ]ε θ̣ε̣ὸ̣ν [- – -]ικαν̣ αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἄ[γεσθαι] πάντας τοὺς τὰν πόλ[ιν] κατοικοῦντας [34] [- – -]σογ[- – -]αν [ἐκε]χειρίαν ἐπὶ τρεῖς ἁμέ[ρας ἐφ]ε̣ξῆς, ἐπιτελεῖσθαι δὲ καὶ ἀγώνας, γυμνι- [35] κὸν τῶν παίδων καὶ ἐφήβων καὶ ἱ[ππικ]ὸν τῶν νέων ἐν τᾶι γενεθλίῳ ἁμέρᾳ καὶ [36] ἀνατίθεσθαι τῶν νικησάντων ὅπ[λα ἀ]πὸ τοῦ καθ᾽ ἔτος ἱερέοςּ ἀποστεῖλαι δὲ καὶ [37] πρεσβείαν εἰς Ῥώμαν ποτὶ τὸν αὐτοκ̣[ρά]τορα Τιβέριον Καίσαρα, τὰν λυπηθησο- [38] μέναν μὲν ἐπὶ τῷ μηκέτι ἁμεῖν ἦμεν ἐ[μ]φανῆ τὸν θεόν, ἀσπασομέναν δὲ Τιβέρι- [39] ον τὸν αὐτοκράτορα καὶ συνχαρησομέναν ἐπὶ τῷ τὸν ἄξιον καὶ κατ᾽ εὐχὰν ἁμεῖν ἁγε- [40] μόνα γεγενῆσθαι τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου, ἀποδυρουμέναν δὲ καὶ περὶ τῶν κατεσχη- [41] κότων τὰν πόλιν ἀτόπων καὶ ἱκετεύσουσαν ὅπως τύχωμες ἐλέου τινός. vac. |
| TRANSLATION Lo Monaco 2009, 778-779. Al dio Augusto Cesare ed a Tiberio Cesare Augusto, grammateus dei sinedri e sacerdote del dio Augusto Cesare […] figlio di Arist-[…] spiegarono poi […] Diomeo sacerdote […] ozia il sacrificio a tutti gli uomini […] custodiscan […] risiedere ai […] ancora perfettissime esultare […] eserciti, tutte le cose proposte […] quando l’indovino preghi […] anche Cesare Augusto […] introduca gli arconti, giuri […] anche agli ingressi ciascuno per il dio Augusto Cesare e per Tiberio Cesare Augusto e per i loro discendenti; faccia il banchetto con agnelli nell’ Augusteo […] il sacerdote di Augusto in carica porti la fiaccola […] procedendo lentamente verso il santuario e per primo da destra […] solo porti la luce a noi e a tutti gli uomini […] l’Augusto, di Tiberio Cesare […] [e coloro che lo hanno generato] e allevato per lui, lo stesso […] e la dea Livia madre di lui e moglie del dio Cesare Augusto e Antonia e Livilla, sacerdote per l’anno successivo, come anche […] sacerdote di Augusto e portino la fiaccola […] fra tutti quanti, come anche […] e dio […] di lui, e tutti coloro che abitano la città conducano tregua per tre giorni di seguito, si compiano anche agoni, uno ginnico dei fanciulli e degli efebi, ed uno ippico dei giovani nel giorno del genetliaco e vengano dedicate armi dei vincitori dal sacerdote dell’anno, venga inviata anche una ambasceria a Roma presso l’imperatore Tiberio Cesare, la quale fará le condoglianze per il fatto che il dio non ci è più visible, salutando l’imperatore Tiberio e rallegrandosi per il fatto che, secondo la nostra preghiera, è arrivato un degno capo di tutto il mondo, lamentandosi anche delle situazioni anomale che affiggono la città e supplicando affinché otteniamo un po’ di pietà. |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY Camia, F. (2011). Theoi Sebastoi: il culto degli imperatori romani in Grecia (provincia Achaia) nel secondo secolo D.C. Atene: Institouto Hellēnikēs kai Rōmaïkēs Archaiotētos, 122-123. Camia, F. (2018). “Which relationship between Greek Gods and Roman Emperors? The cultic implications of the ‘assimilation’ of Emperors to Gods in mainland Greece”. ARYS 16: 105-137. Camia, F. and Kantiréa, M. (2010). “The imperial cult in the Peloponnese”. In: A. D. Rizakis and C. E. Lepenioti, eds., Roman Peloponnese III: Society, Economy and Culture under the Roman Empire: Continuity and Innovation. Athens: Diffusion de Boccard, 375-406. Deshours, N. (2004). “Cultes de Déméter, d’Artémis Ortheia et culte impérial à Messène (Ier s. av. notre ère-Ier s. de notre ère)”. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 146, 115-127. Galli, M. and Tozzi, G. (2016). “Le prime manifestazioni del culto di Augusto nell’Oriente greco. Il caso di Kalindoia”. In: I. Baglioni, ed., Saeculum Aureum. Tradizione e innovazione nella religione romana di epoca augustea. Roma: Quasar, 239-259. Harrison, J. R. (2012). “Diplomacy over Tiberius’ accession”. In: S. R. Llewelyn, J. R. Harrison and E. J. Bridge, eds., New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity. Vol. 10. A Review of the Greek and Other Inscriptions and Papyri Published between 1988 and 1992. Michigan-Cambridge: Macquarie University, N.S.W. Australia, 64-75. Kantiréa, M. (2007). Les dieux et les dieux augustes: le culte impérial en Grèce sous les Julio-claudiens et les Flaviens: études épigraphiques et archéologiques. Athenes: Kentron Hellēnikēs kai Rōmaïkēs Archaiotētos, 69-71, 206-207, no. 3 (Appendice IA). Lo Monaco, A. (2009). Il crepuscolo degli dèi d’Achaia. Religione e culti in Arcadia, Elide, Laconia e Messenia dalla conquista romana all’età Flavia. Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 778-779. Muñiz Grijalvo, E. (2021). “Imperial mysteries and religious experience”. In: A. Alvar Nuño, J. Alvar Ezquerra and G. Woolf, eds., SENSORIVM: The Senses in Roman Polytheism. Leiden– Boston: Brill, 192-206. Pleket, H.W., and Stroud, R. S., eds., (1994). Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. 41, 328. Amsterdam. Themelis, P. (1991). “Ἀνασκαφὴ Μεσσήνης ὑπὸ Πέτρου Θέμελη (πίν. 31-57)”. Praktika tes en Athenais Archaiologikes Hetaireias 143 (1988): 52-58. Themelis, P. (1993): “Ἀνασκαφὴ Μεσσήνης ὑπὸ Πέτρου Θέμελη (πίν. 31-74)”. Praktika tes en Athenais Archaiologikes Hetaireias 145 (1990): 88-90. Touchais, G. (1989). “Messène”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 113(2): 610-612. |
Honorary inscription for Valerius Statilius Castus in Oinoanda
Honorary inscription for Valerius Statilius Castus in Oinoanda
| TITLE: |
| Honorary inscription for Valerius Statilius Castus in Oinoanda |
| DATE: |
| 256 AD |
| TEXT: |
| SEG 47.1818 = IGR III 481 = ILS 8870 |
| EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS: |
| Loriot, X. (1998): Cahiers du Centre Gustave-Glotz, 9 (French translation) |
| KEYWORDS: |
| Word used to mean procession: |
| Word used to mean the cult images: |
| εἰκών |
| Gods or other entities named: |
| Valerianus Augustus |
| Description of the cult images: |
| Procession’s route: |
| Frequency with which the procession takes place: |
| Performers: |
| References to the public attending the procession: |
| Rites related to the procession: |
| Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence: |
| Other remarkable elements: |
| σύμμαχος (τῶν Σεβαστῶν) |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY: |
| CHANIOTIS, A., PLEKET, H.W., STROUD, R.S. AND STRUBBE, J.H.M., “SEG 47-1818. Oinoanda. Honorary inscription for Valerius Statilius Castus, 256 A.D.”. In: Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Current editors: A. T. E. N. Chaniotis Corsten Stavrianopolou Papazarkadas. Consulted online on 16 December 2021 CAGNAT, R. (dir.) (1906): Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes, vol. III, Paris DESSAU, H. (1892): Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Berlin LEHNEN, J. (1997): Adventus Principis. Untersuchungen zu Sinngehalt und Zeremoniell der Kaiserankunft in den Städten des Imperium Romanum, Frankfurt, pp. 307-313 LORIOT, X. (1998): Cahiers du Centre Gustave-Glotz, 9 ROBERT, L. (1969): Opera Minora Selecta, vols. I-VII, Amsterdam |