Honorary decree of the boule and demos of Priene for Krates
| TITLE: |
| Honorary decree of the boule and demos of Priene for Krates |
| DATE: |
| c. 89 BC |
| TEXT: |
| I.Pri. 111 = SEG 65 1077 [*IPriene 111; **Holleaux, BCH 31, 1907, 387 (ll. 116, 119, 132, 141, 142-3); **Wilhelm, WS 29, 1907, 21 (l. 308); **Wilhelm, NB 52-3 (ll. 176); **Robert, RA 24, 1926, 181 (l. 120); SEG 4, 493; **Hellenica 9, 75-6 (l. 188-189); **Migeotte, L’emprunt public no. 95 (ll. 200-201); BE 1987:221 (p. 308)] HILLER VON GAERTRINGEN (1906): Inschriften Von Priene, Georg Reimer, Berlin |
| EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS: |
| I.Pri. 111 (English) |
| KEYWORDS: |
| Word used to mean procession: |
| πομπ[εύσ]ας (l. 179) ἐκφοράς (l. 307, “a carrying out of a corpse to burial” = a funeral procession) |
| Word used to mean the cult images: |
| χαλκῆν ε̣[…]ων (l. 302-304) |
| Gods or other entities named: |
| The most revered goddess (l. 180, σεμνοτάτης θε[ᾶς) = Athena) |
| Description of the cult images: |
| Procession’s route: |
| In the streets of Priene |
| Frequency with which the procession takes place: |
| The funeral procession, yearly? |
| Performers: |
| While he was alive, Krates led the procession as stephanophoros or “city president” of Priene. When he died, he was crowned [with a golden crown in his funeral procession (l. 307, στεφα[νῶσαι] αὐτὸν [ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκφορᾶς στεφάνωι χρυσέω), and in his funeral procession took part the paidonomos with the boys and the gymnasiarch of the youths accompanied by the ephebes and the youths and the generals with the other citizens (l. 311-312, συ]ν̣ακολουθῆσ̣αι δὲ τ[ῆ]ι ἐκφορᾶι [τόν τε] π̣αι[δονόμον μετὰ τῶν παίδων καὶ τὸν γυμνασίαρχον] τῶν νέ[ων ἔχ]οντα̣ τοὺς ἐφήβους καὶ τοὺς νέους κα[ὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων πολιτῶν) |
| References to the public attending the procession: |
| Any citizen who wishes to crown Krates during his funeral procession was be able to do so (l. 309-310, ἐξεῖναι δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆι ἐκφορᾶι τῶν] λοιπ[ῶν τὸν β]ουλόμενον στεφανοῦν Κράτητα) |
| Rites related to the procession: |
| As the leader of the procession Krates offered the sacrifices to the goddess and he prayed earnestly for the city to have the best fortune and he sacrificed favourably on behalf of the safety of the citizens of the city and its territory (l. 180-182, καὶ παραστήσας τῆι θεᾶι τὰς θυσίας καὶ κ[ατευξάμε]νος μὲν [κάλλι]στα τῶι δήμωι καὶ καλλιερήσας ὑπέρ τε τῆς τῶν πο[λιτῶν σωτ]ηρίας καὶ ε̣[ὐξάμενος ὑπέρ τε τῶν πο]λ̣ι̣[τῶν καὶ τ]ῶ̣ν κατοικούντων τήν τε πόλιν καὶ τὴν χώραν) Meals in the prytaneion (city hall, seat of government of the city) and in the Panionion (an Ionian sanctuary dedicated to Poseidon Helikonios and the meeting place of the Ionian League, the sanctuary was under the control of the Ionian city of Priene) (l. 311-312, εἶναι δὲ] [αὐ]τῶ[ι σίτησι]ν μὲν [ἐν πρυτανεί]ωι̣ [καὶ ἐν Πανιωνίωι καὶ μετουσίαν τῶν συντελουμένων ἱερῶν). Sacred rites and sacrifices were performed in the council (l. 313-314, καὶ θυ]σιῶν ἐν [τῆι β]ουλῆι) |
| Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence: |
| Other remarkable elements: |
| Krates had an important role in resolving the disputes in which Priene was involved at the time, but much of the long inscription in his honour has been lost, and the frequent gaps can make it difficult to follow the sense. The official announcement of the death of Krates and of his funeral procession is made by the councillors in the city agora (l. 307-308, ποιήσασθαι δὲ] τὴν ἀναγόρευσιν τοὺ<ς> ἐσομ[έ]νο[υς] τό<τε> γραμμα[τεῖ]ς τῆς [βουλῆς καὶ τοῦ δήμου ἐν τῆι ἀγορᾶι) Krates’ funeral crown is supplied by the neopoies of the city, the “temple warden”, an official in various Greek cities such as Priene (l. 309, στέφανον χορηγῆσαι τὸν νεωποίην τῆς πόλεως [τὸ] ἀν[άλωμα) |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY: |
| BÖMMER (1952), RE: s.v. Pompa. Herrscher, Vol. XXI.2, p. 1972, n.337 CHANIOTIS, A., CORSTEN, T., PAPAZARKADAS, N. AND TYBOUT, R.A., “SEG 65-1077. Priene. Honorary inscriptions for Krates and for Herakleitos, after 90 B.C.”, in: Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Current editors: A. T. E. N. Chaniotis Corsten Stavrianopolou Papazarkadas. Consulted online on 29 October 2021 TSIGARIDA, I. (2015): “Salt in Asia Minor. An outline of Roman authority interest in the resource”. In: P. Erdkamp, K. Verboven, and A. Zuiderhoek (eds.), Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World, Oxford WALLACE, Ch. (2014): “Ager publicus in the Greek East: I. Priene 111 and other examples of resistance to the publicani”, Historia 63.1, pp. 38-73 |