El protocolo de Kyoto: la importancia y limitaciones de un tímido acuerdo
Keywords:
climatic change, Kyoto protocol, Spanish economyAbstract
In this introductory article I analyse the great difficulties in order to achieve effective international agreements for controlling greenhouse emissions and the importance of the Kyoto Protocol, in spite of its great limitations. I analyse the role of the socalled "flexibility mechanisms" of the Protocol and the specific commitment of the European Union. Lastly, I deal with the difficult situation of Spain in relation to its international commitment and, especially, facing the implementation of the European emissions trading directive.
Downloads
References
AGARWAL, A. y NARAIN (1991), S., Global warming in an unequal world. A case of environmental colonialism, Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, India.
AZAR, C. (2000), "Economics and distribution in the greenhouse", Climate Change, vol. 47: 233-238.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005607931330
CAMPBELL, C.J. y J.H. LAHERRÈRE (1998), "The End of Cheap Oil", Scientific American, marzo.
https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0398-78
COASE, R. (1960), "El problema del coste social", en Aguilera Klink, F. y V. Alcántara (eds.), De la economía ambiental a la economía ecológica, Icaria, Barcelona, pp. 65-124.
DALY, H. E. (1999), "Steady-state economics: avoiding uneconomic growth" en J.C.J.M. van den Bergh (ed), Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.
https://doi.org/10.4337/9781843768586.00058
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2001), Late Lessons from Early Warnings: the precautionary principle 1896-2000, Environmental Issue Report, n. 22, Copenhague.
HOWARTH, R. B. (2003), "Climate change" en Neumayer, E. (ed), International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics. http://www.ecoeco.org/publica/encyc.htm.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY (2004), Key World Energy Statistics, www.iea.org.
KEUNING, S. J. et al (1999): "The Netherlands' NAMEA; presentation, usage and future extensions", Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, vol. 10: 15-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-349X(98)00058-7
MARTÍNEZ ALIER, J. y ROCA JUSMET, J. (2001), Economía ecológica y política ambiental, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, segunda edición.
MICHAELOWA, A. (2003), "The Kyoto Protocol and its mechanisms" en Neumayer, E. (ed), International Society for Ecological Economics Internet Encyclopaedia of Ecological Economics. http://www.ecoeco.org/publica/encyc.htm.
RIECHMANN, J. (2002), "Introducción: un principio para reorientar las relaciones de la humanidad con la biosfera" en Riechmann, J. y Tickner, J. (coords.), El principio de precaución, editorial Icaria, Barcelona.
ROCA, J. y ALCÁNTARA, V. (2001), "Energy intensity, CO2 emissions and the environmental Kuznets curve. The Spanish case", Energy Policy, vol. 29/7, pp. 553-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00154-3
SCHMALENSEE, R. et al (1998), "An Interim Evaluation of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.12.3.53
STAVINS, R. N. (1998), "What Can We Learn from the Grand Experiment? Lessons from SO2 Allowance Trading", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.12.3.69
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This licence allows third parties to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform and create from the material for any purpose, including commercial purposes), provided that authorship and first publication in this journal (The Journal, DOI of the work) is acknowledged, a link to the licence is provided, and it is stated whether changes have been made to the work.
