Equidad de Género en las Oportunidades Económicas en América Latina, 1990-2010
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desigualdad de género, empleo, desempleo, informalización y pobreza, regímenes políticosResumen
Este artículo analiza la evolución de la desigualdad de género en las oportunidades económicas en 18 países latinoamericanos, desde 1990 a 2010. Examinamos la reducción de la pobreza y de la desigualdad y reafirmamos que son logros económicos significativos en América Latina y el Caribe en esta época. No obstante hay evidencia de que dichos beneficios no se han traducido en una mayor igualdad de género en esferas económicas. Evaluamos cambios en las oportunidades económicas por género mediante un análisis descriptivo de datos de empleo, desempleo, informalización, salarios y pobreza, por país y región. Además, exploramos cómo estas variaciones se relacionan con los diferentes regímenes políticos gobernantes durante la década del milenio. Encontramos que las disminuciones de las brechas de género en las tasas de empleo, la informalización y los salarios urbanos, quedan contrarrestados por incrementos en las desigualdades en el desempleo y la pobreza. También sostenemos que hay evidencia preliminar indicando que la política social ha sido más importante en la disminución de la desigualdad en el ingreso entre los hogares y en la reducción de la pobreza que las políticas orientadas al mercado laboral.
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