Fomentando la inclusión financiera global mediante mejoras integradas en la alfabetización financiera y tecnológica. Un análisis de datos de panel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/rev.metodoscuant.econ.empresa.9441Palabras clave:
Inclusión Financiera, Alfabetización Tecnológica y Financiera, Información Asimétrica, Datos de PanelResumen
La inclusión financiera es esencial para el desarrollo económico, al proporcionar servicios fundamentales como cuentas de ahorro, crédito y seguros. A pesar de su relevancia, de acuerdo a datos del Banco Mundial, cerca de 1.5 mil millones de adultos en el mundo no tienen acceso a una cuenta bancaria formal y casi 2 mil millones no son sujetos de crédito, la mayoría en países en desarrollo. Ello limita sus oportunidades económicas y perpetúa la desigualdad. Promover la inclusión financiera es crucial para impulsar un crecimiento económico sostenible, mejorar la igualdad de oportunidades y fortalecer la resiliencia financiera de un país frente a estos tiempos turbulentos. La alfabetización financiera y tecnológica desempeña un papel fundamental en impulsarla. Dotar a los individuos de estas habilidades les permite tomar decisiones informadas y utilizar eficazmente los servicios financieros digitales. Esta investigación proporciona evidencia cuantitativa, a través de estimaciones con datos panel, sobre la importancia de la alfabetización tecnológica y financiera en la determinación de la inclusión financiera, junto con la educación. También revela que, por el lado de la oferta, una infraestructura sólida para los servicios financieros digitales, especialmente a través de los teléfonos móviles, promueve el ahorro y el crédito. También es crucial mitigar el impacto de la información asimétrica, característica del sector financiero, a través de burós de crédito. Por el lado de la demanda, tanto las competencias digitales y financieras, como la resiliencia laboral, tienen una correlación positiva con la inclusión financiera. Los atributos institucionales de un país también son fundamentales.
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