Os casos da Venezuela e do Iraque como limites à soberania
O controlo externo dos recursos estratégicos e o poder do Estado no século XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/respublica.13781Palavras-chave:
soberania limitada, sanções financeiras, custódia de ativosResumo
Este artigo analisa a relação entre a soberania estatal e a infraestrutura financeira global, com o objetivo de avaliar em que medida o controlo efetivo sobre as receitas provenientes de recursos estratégicos molda o exercício prático da soberania no sistema internacional contemporâneo. Com base numa análise comparativa de dois casos representativos — a administração internacional das receitas petrolíferas iraquianas na sequência da intervenção de 2003 e os mecanismos contemporâneos de restrição, custódia e autorização aplicados às receitas petrolíferas venezuelanas desde 2026 —, o estudo explora a forma como certos instrumentos financeiros podem transferir a autoridade de tomada de decisões sobre recursos estratégicos da esfera interna do Estado para estruturas regulatórias e financeiras que operam fora da sua jurisdição. A análise centra-se no funcionamento dos sistemas internacionais de pagamentos, compensação e liquidação, nos acordos de custódia de ativos soberanos, nas ordens executivas e nos regimes de licenciamento adotados ao abrigo da legislação interna dos Estados Unidos, bem como no papel das instituições multilaterais.
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