Wage Gap by Geographic Location and Ethnicity in Cali (Colombia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.2204Keywords:
Brecha salarial, Oaxaca-Blinder, afrodescendiente, descomposición salarial, wage gap, Afro-descendant, wage decompositionAbstract
In this article we estimate the wage gap between white people and Afro-American people in Cali by using data from the survey of employment and quality of life of 2013. The estimation is weighted by the number of individuals that recognize themselves as Afro-American as a measure of statistical correction given the disaggregation of the data, and our approach lets us including the spatial location in the censure process. Our results show that including variables such as migrations and discrimination perception in the participation equation for Afro-Americans, the wage gap is about 43%, where 9% is associated to explained characteristics by differences in human capital and 33% remains associated with labor discrimination.
Downloads
References
Abadía, L.K. (2005) Discriminación salarial por sexo en Colombia: un análisis desde la discriminación estadística. Technical report, Universidad Javeriana-Bogotá.
Aigner, D.J. y Cain, G.G. (1977) Statistical theories of discrimination in labor markets. Industrial and Labor relations review, 30(2): 175–187.
Arrow, K.J. (1972) Some mathematical models of race in the labor market. MA: D. C. Heath.
Arrow, K.J. (1973) The Theory of Discrimination. Princeton University Press.
Baquero, J. (2001) Estimación de la discriminación salarial por género para los trabajadores asalariados urbanos de Colombia (1984-1999). Informe técnico, Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Economía.
Becker, G.S. (1964) Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. London.
Becker, G.S. (1957) The economics of discrimination. University of Chicago Press.
Berges, M. y Di Paola, R. (2000) Sesgo de selección y estimación de la brecha por género para la ciudad de mar del plata. Anales de la XXXV reunión de la Asociación de Economía Política, 1.
Bernat, L. (2005) Análisis de género de las diferencias salariales en las siete principales áreas metropolitanas colombianas: ¿evidencia de discriminación? PNUD: Bogotá.
Bernat, L. y Vélez, J. (2008) Los hombres al trabajo y las mujeres a la casa: ¿es la segregación ocupacional otra explicación razonable de las diferencias salariales por sexo en Cali? Borradores de Economía y Finanzas 18, Universidad Icesi.
Black, D., Kolesnikova, N., Sanders, S. y Taylor, L.J. (2013) The role of location in evaluating racial wage disparity. IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2(1): 1–18.
Black, D., Kolesnikova, N. y Taylor, L. (2009) Earnings functions when wages and prices vary by location. Journal of Labor Economics, 27(1): 21–47.
Correa, J.B. (2012) ¿Existe discriminación étnica racial en Cali? Un análisis a partir de regresión cuantílica. Documento de Trabajo nº 144. Mayo, Universidad del Valle.
Duncan, G.J. y Hoffman, S. (1979) On-the-job training and earnings differences by race and sex. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 61(4): 594–603.
Galvis, L. (2010) Diferenciales salariales por género y región en Colombia: una aproximación con regresión por cuantiles. Revista de Economía del Rosario, 13.
Gronau, R. (1974) “Wage comparisons, a selectivity bias”, Journal of Political Economy, 82: 1119–1144.
Haurin, D.R. (1980) The regional distribution of population, migration, and climate. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 95(2): 293–308.
Heckman, J.J. (1979) Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society: 153–161.
Heckman, J.J., Lochner, L.J. y Todd, P.E. (2006) Earnings functions, rates of return and treatment effects: The mincer equation and beyond. Handbook of the Economics of Education, 1: 307–458.
Heckman, J.J., Lyons, T.M. y Todd, P.E. (2000) Understanding black-white wage differentials, 1960-1990. The American Economic Review, 90(2): 344–349.
Johansson, M., Katz, K. y Nyman, H. (2005) Wage differentials and gender discrimination changes in Sweden 1981–98. Acta Sociologica, 48(4): 341–364.
Johnson, W.R. (1978) Racial wage discrimination and industrial structure. The Bell Journal of Economics: 70–81.
McCall, J.J. (1972) The simple mathematics of information, job search, and prejudice. Racial Discrimination in Economic Life, Lexington Books: 205–224.
Mincer, J.A. (1974) Schooling and earnings. In Schooling, experience, and earnings: 41–63. Columbia University Press.
Mininterior (2012) Segundo informe: Discriminación laboral en Cali. Informe técnico 2, Ministerio del Interior.
Mora, J.J. y Caicedo, C. (2013) Igualdad salarial entre hombres y mujeres en Cali? De la legislación realidad. Departamento para la Prosperidad Social. ISBN: 978-958-97917-9-0
Oaxaca, R. (1973) Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14(3): 693–709.
Paz, J. (1998) Brecha de ingresos entre géneros (comparación entre el gran buenos aires y el noroeste argentino). In Annual Meeting of the Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, Mendoza. Argentina. Disponible en: http://www.aaep.org.ar/espa/anales/pdf_98/paz.pdf.
Phelps, E.S. (1972) The statistical theory of racism and sexism. The American Economic Review, 62(4): 659–661.
Reimers, C.W. (1983) Labor market discrimination against Hispanic and black men. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 65(4): 570–579.
Roback, J. (1982) Wages, rents, and the quality of life. The Journal of Political Economy, 90(6): 1257–1278.
Smith, J.P. y Welch, F.R. (1989) Black economic progress after myrdal. Journal of Economic Literature, 27(2): 519–564.
Tenjo, J. (1993) 1976-1989: cambios en diferenciales salariales entre hombres y mujeres. Planeación y Desarrollo, 24: 103–116.
Tenjo, J., Ribero, R. y Bernat, L. (2005) Evolución de las diferencias salariales por sexo en seis países de América Latina: un intento de interpretación. CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico. Facultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Submission of manuscripts implies that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere and that, in case of acceptance, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the Journal for its publication and dissemination. Authors retain the authors' right to use and share the article according to a personal or instutional use or scholarly sharing purposes; in addition, they retain patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights (including research data).
All the articles are published in the Journal under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike). It is allowed a commercial use of the work (always including the author attribution) and other derivative works, which must be released under the same license as the original work.
Up to Volume 21, this Journal has been licensing the articles under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA 3.0 ES. Starting from Volume 22, the Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA 4.0 is used.
